[338] _Cf._ revenue per ton mile by commodities, p. 421, _infra_. [339] _Cf._ p. 412, _infra_, on the significance of revenue per ton mile. [340] 6 I.C.C. Rep., 88; 9 _Idem_, 382; 4 _Idem_, 48. On freight rates and prices compare Rep. U. S. Industrial Commission, XIX, p. 366, and chap. X, _infra_. [341] Hammond, Railway Rate Theories, p. 14 _et seq._ [342] _Ibid._, pp. 27 and 36. [343] _Ibid._, p. 29. [344] 14 I.C.C. Rep., 127. [345] _Freight_, February, 1905, p. 61. [346] 10 I.C.C. Rep., 281. [347] 17 I.C.C. Rep., 197. But compare 23 _Idem_, 7, on stock and fat cattle; and 14 _Idem_, 127, on "big-vein" and "small-vein" coal, as above. [348] 20 I.C.C. Rep., 426; 21 _Idem_, 41. [349] 2 _Idem_, 1. [350] Evidence before the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Industrial Commission as to freight rate advances in 1900 proves this point. [351] Pp. 108, 118, etc., _supra_. [352] Sixteenth Annual Report I.C.C., 32; 19 I.C.C. Rep., 244; 21 _Idem_, 349 and 418. [353] 18 I.C.C. Rep., 459. [354] _Cf._ Annual Report, I.C.C., 1909, p. 11. [355] McPherson, Railroad Freight Rates, pp. 117-148, is good on this. [356] Cotton pools in the South; _cf._ vol. II. [357] 23 I.C.C. Rep., 151, investigating the transportation of wool affords a fine example. [358] 3 I.C.C. Rep., 473. [359] United States Industrial Commission, XIX, 1901, p. 281. [360] P. 387, _infra_. [361] _Cf._ testimony of Wicker before the Cullom Committee in 1886. [362] 22 I.C.C. Rep., 303. [363] 7 I.C.C. Rep., 92. [364] Samuel O. Dunn, _Railway Age Gazette_, September 10, 1909, p. 463. Cf. 12 I.C.C. Rep., 510; 9 _Idem_, 440; and 23 _Idem_, 504. [365] The following wide variations as between the different classifications appear in these excerpts alone, varying from 40,000 to 12,000 lbs. in the Southern Classification, for instance. Official Classification-- Scrap zinc 36,000 lbs. Acetic acid in carboys 24,000 lbs. Western Classification-- Advertising matter 24,000 lbs. Advertising racks, iron 30,000 lbs. Southern Classification-- Zinc concentrates 40,000 lbs. Fodder shredders 12,000 lbs. Harvesters 15,000 lbs. Search through the entire list would doubtless disclose a far wider range, with coal or iron at 90,000 lbs. or more, and feathers at the foot of the list. [366] 23 I.C.C. Rep., 158. [367] 11 I.C.C. Rep., 328. [368] Changes in minimum carloads since 1887 by commodities are fully described in "Railways in the United States in 1902," I.C.C., 1903, Part II, p. 17. Their relation to rate increases is evident. [369] Strombeck, Classification, p. 35 _et seq._; _Railway Age Gazette_, June 30, 1911, p. 1696. [370] P. 128, _supra_. [371] _Railway Age Gazette_, September 24, 1909, p. 553, Samuel O. Dunn, best treats this topic.