RAILWAY RATES: ENGLISH AND FOREIGN. BY J. GRIERSON, GENERAL MANAGER OF THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. SECOND THOUSAND. LONDON: EDWARD STANFORD, 55, CHARING CROSS. 1886. PRINTED BY WATERLOW AND SONS LIMITED, LONDON WALL, LONDON. Transcriber's Notes: Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Obvious spelling mistakes have been corrected. Old or antiquated spellings have been preserved. In the sample contracts, the blank spaces to be filled in have been replaced with underscores. The caret character "^" indicates a superscript for the next character or bracketed group of characters. PREFACE. A part of the information upon which these observations are founded was obtained for my own guidance, in considering the complaints as to Railway rates and the comparisons between railways in the United Kingdom and abroad. At the suggestion of the representatives of some of the Companies the subject was followed up. These observations have expanded beyond my original intentions; but they have been prepared for a limited object; they do not purport to exhaust the subject. I have endeavoured to treat it fairly, and to pay due regard alike to the interests of the traders, the public, and the railway companies; interests which may, to a hasty observer, occasionally appear conflicting, but which, looked at reasonably, and in the light of full information, are seen to be identical. Though solely responsible for the comments and conclusions, I am indebted for the information upon which they are based to many persons; among others, to several of the Presidents, General Managers, and others connected with the control of the railways in France, Belgium and Holland; to Sir Bernhard Samuelson, M.P. (who placed at my disposal the voluminous and useful information which he obtained as to the railways in Germany, Belgium and Holland); to some of the General Managers and other Officers of the companies in England, the United States, and Canada; and to many friends who have been kind enough to supply much information and give valuable assistance. If the information thus collected helps to clear up some misconceptions, to prevent the adoption of theories as to the fixing of rates which would be most injurious to the trade of the country, and to bring about an equitable and satisfactory settlement of questions now so much discussed, my object will have been attained. J. GRIERSON. PADDINGTON, _December 1st, 1886_. CONTENTS. SECTIONS PAGE