ROYALS, "give us _red royals_" (M21,_b_), _i.e._ give us gold, not coppers: _red_ = gold is frequently found in old writers, though it is now only used in thieves' slang. The _royal_ was a gold coin of varying value, from 10s. to 30s.: see other volumes of this series. "Ich shall not mis of _red ones_ to haue store."--T. Howell, _Poems_ (1568), i. 91 (Grosart). RUTTER, "A _rutter_, huffa gallant" (N77,_c_), trooper, horseman: also a swaggering, dashing gallant. That this last mentioned is the sense is clear from the phrase _huffa gallant_, which in old writers is commonly put into the mouths of roisterers and dashing men of fashion: see _Four Elements_, _Hickscorner_, etc. RUTTERKIN, "what _rutterkin_ have we here" (IP332,_b_), a rutter: see previous entry. SAD, "_sad_ a-sleep" (M26,_c_), sound, firm, not to be easily awakened. "It was founded on a _sad_ stoon."--Wyclif, Luke vi. SAINT AUDREY, "_St. Audrey's_ holy bend" (M28,_a_), _bend_ = band: see Nares, _s.v._ Tawdry. SAINT CATHERINE'S (JE361,_c_). This is probably St. Catherine's near Guildford, which was one of the stations on the "Pilgrim's way" from Winchester to Canterbury, the route lying also through Kent. From St. Catherine's, which stands on a knoll just to the south of Guildford, the "way" leads up through "The Chantries" to St. Martha's Chapel, which crowns a considerable hill, thence proceeding eastward into Kent. SAINT CHAD (IP336,_c_). Of course this saint was picked for the rhyme's sake. St. Chad was better known by his Saxon name of St. Ceadda, a Northumbrian by birth. His early life was spent in a monastery in Ireland. In 664 he succeeded Bishop Cedda, his brother, as abbot of Lastingham. Subsequently he became Bishop of York, but resigned the bishopric on a question arising as to the regularity of his consecration, retiring to his old office at Lastingham. On the death of Jaruman, bishop of Mercia, Ceadda was induced to enter the episcopate once more. He died at Lichfield in 672. He has always been a popular saint in the English Calendar, his festival falling on the 2nd March. SAINT CHARITY (M11,_b_), see _Anon. Plays_ (E.E.D.S.), 3 Ser., 293,_d_. SAINT GABRIEL'S MOTHER (M35,_b_), perhaps a reference to the Virgin Mary. There are three St. Gabriels, of whom the one recognised in the gnostic systems is the more likely. He was the angel specially associated with the conception of the Virgin Mary, and according to some versions was Jesus Himself taking the form of the angel Gabriel for the purpose of preparing the Virgin, in a physical sense, for the miraculous conception. SAINT GEORGE, "_Saint George thee borrow_" (R208,_a_), whether merely used as a salutation or referring to some song is not clear: as regards the phrase, see Udal, _Works_ (E.E.D.S.), 146,_d_.