[27] The scalawag was the war-time Unionist or reconstructed rebel who had ceased opposing Congress. A negro preacher defines the difference between a carpet-bagger and scalawag as follows: “A carpet-bagger came down here from some place and stole enough to fill his carpet-bag, but the scalawag was a man who knew the woods and swamps better than the carpet-bagger did, and he stole the carpet-bagger’s carpet-bag and ran off with it.” House Misc. Doc., 42 Congress, 2 Sess., No. 211, 478. [28] The writer did not find this especially true of Louisiana, but of the South generally. [29] “Apparently the Radical authorities have lost the confidence and respect of the army. We do not think that writing to Washington letters of complaint is exactly the way to regain it.”--New Orleans, _Commercial Bulletin_, Jan. 21, 1869. [30] New Orleans _Commercial Bulletin_, Jan. 6, 1869. For a similar expression of feeling, _Times_, May 9, 1875. [31] New Orleans _Commercial Bulletin_, Jan. 14, 1869. “Wise liberality on the part of the northern people and of the government that ought to represent them would certainly be followed by strict and willing acquiescence.... We ought to prove by our demeanor toward those who come among us to buy our vacant lands ... that they are welcome and that liberal legislation will not be wasted upon us.” [32] _Ibid._, Sept. 25, 1869. [33] Ficklen gives this number, _History of Reconstruction in Louisiana_, 176. [34] It might be noted that the following officers who figure conspicuously in the pages of this account were carpet-baggers: Warmoth, Kellogg, ‘, McMillan, Dewees, Jacques, who will figure in the frauds of ’72, Speaker Carr, Campbell, Packard, Dibble; 3-5000 settled in New Orleans, proportionally less in the parishes. [35] See _Times_, May 9, 1875. From the evidence I have met, I do not believe the feeling against them was so hostile as it became a little later when the South was determined to drive them out. Blaine makes a real point when he says, “Northern men recalled in an offensive manner the power that had overcome and, as they thought, humiliated them,--recalled it before time had made them familiar with the new order of things.” Blaine, II., 472. [36] Nordhoff tells of a negro in St. Mary’s parish who still in 1875 was retaining a mule halter he had purchased in anticipation of Uncle Sam’s gift, 49. [37] It does not seem to me that Vice-President Wilson’s argument that the experiment of negro self-government would therefore have the greatest chance of success (_Times_, Aug. 21, 1876) here is necessarily true. It would rather turn upon whether the leadership they would assert were vicious or not. [38] Due partly to the fact that they came from the large plantations where the civilizing contact with the white race was reduced to a minimum.