Reflections on the Rise and Fall of the Ancient Republicks: Adapted to the Present State of Great BritainMontagu, Edward Wortley
Philosophy
Reflections on the Rise and Fall of the Ancient Republicks: Adapted to the Present State of Great Britain
Montagu, Edward Wortley
History, Ancient -- Philosophy; Republics
Nil igitur mors est, ad nos neque pertinet hilum,
Quandoquidem natura animi mortalis habetur:
—Ubi non erimus: cum corporis atque animai
Discidium fuerit, quibus e sumus uniter apti,
Scilicet haud nobis quicquam, qui non erimus tum,
Accidere omnino poterit, sensumque movere.
[319] Epicurus vero ex animis hominum extraxit radicitus
religionem, quum Diis immortalibus et opem et gratiam sustulit.
Cic. de Nat. Deor. p. 76 and 77.
[320] At etiam liber est Epicuri de sanctitate. Ludimur ab
homine non tam faceto, quam ad scribendi licentiam libero. Quæ
enim potest esse sanctitas, si Dii humana non curant? Cic. de
Nat. Deor. p. 78.
[321] The principles of the new academy, that doubting sect,
which Cicero had espoused, led so directly to scepticism, that
he keeps us in a state of perpetual doubt and uncertainty as to
his opinions. Mr. Baxter in his Inquiry into the nature of the
Human Soul, vol. 2. p. 70. complaining of Cicero’s
inconsistencies and self-contradictions, observes, that—“as
philosophers he teaches men to be scepticks, or to maintain
_that truth is not to be perceived_.” And afterwards adds—“But
it is long since it hath been observed of this _great man_,
that his _academical writings are at variance_ with his other
works; and that he may be confuted out of himself, and in his
own words.”
Dr. Warburton expatiates largely upon the great difficulties
there are in getting to Cicero’s _real sentiments_. I shall
mention only two of them and in his own words. “A fourth
difficulty arises from Tully’s purpose in writing his works of
philosophy; which was, not to deliver his own opinion on any
point of ethicks or metaphysicks; but to explain to his
countrymen in the most intelligible manner, whatsoever the
Greeks had taught concerning them. In the execution of which
design, no sect could so well serve his turn as the _new
academy_, whose principle it was, _not to interfere with their
own opinions_, &c. But the principal difficulty proceeds from
the _several_ and _various_ characters he _sustained_ in his
life and writings; which habituated him to feign and dissemble
his opinions. Here (though he acted neither a weak nor an
unfair part) he becomes perfectly inscrutable. He may be
considered as an orator, a statesman, and a philosopher;
characters all equally _personated_, and no one more the _real
man_ than the other; but each of them taken up and laid down,
for the occasion. This appears from the numerous
inconsistencies we find in him throughout the course of his
sustaining them, &c.” And afterwards, p. 171, the Dr. adds—“We
meet with numbers of the like contradictions delivered in his
own person, and under his philosophical character,” of which he
gives us several instances. In the note upon the word
personated, p. 169. the Dr. observes, “that as a philosopher,
his end and design in writing was not to deliver his own
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