Most of the theoretical and all the dialectical parts of this work can be adapted to Realistic thinking, by treating the judgments of the two Berkeleyan categories as intuitions instead of inferences. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v INTRODUCTION SECT. I Division of Philosophies into Ideal and Substantial--Substantial subdivided into Mental and Material--Berkeley's philosophy a Mental Substantialism 1 II Ontological principles essential to logical theory--Mind consists of (at least) Self and a Plastic Substance--Functions of each--Perception of Inorganic things discussed--Berkeley's view on this point rejected--Body to be considered an apparatus of Perception 4 III Current Metaphysic is Ideal and therefore incoherent--Substantial alone has a connecting principle--Importance of Categories in Substantialism--Its doctrine of Reason totally different from the Academic 8 INTELLECT IV Origin of Intellect--Its use--Difference between Sentimental and Intellectual consciousness--Intellect not the governing intelligence of Man--Moral education the most important 11 V Truth, its various meanings--Veracity--Correct Ideation--Correct Inference--No absolute standard of Truth--_Nisi utile est, quod novimus, stulta est Sapentia_--Schopenhauer on the function of Intellect 14 VI Standard of Truth relating to Bodily welfare different from that relating to Mental welfare--Realism the theory of Perception under the former standard--Its main dogmas--Cause why it is superseded--Superstition of One Truth--Realism and Substantialism both true and yet contradictory 18 PERCEPTION VII Defined, according to Substantial principles--Noumenon--Subject--Object--Sentiment not excited by Objects, but Objects accompany Sentiments--Subject not passive in Perception--ATTENTION--Kant's opinion on the inconceivability of Noumena refuted--Difficulty of overcoming Realistic prejudices--Science of little use in Philosophy 23 IDEAS VIII How produced--Hume's notion untenable--No innate Ideas--but Sentiment is innate--Division of Ideas into Particular, General, and Imaginary 27 IX MEMORY--OBLIVION--RECOLLECTION--Images, how preserved and how lost--Good Memory not necessarily advantageous--Recovery of the apparently Forgotten--Sudden extinction of Ideas--'Decay of the mind' in old age--Memory inexplicable on any theory but the Substantial--John Stuart Mill's confession--Memory the chief fact of Mental Science 28