German idealism naturalised in England by Coleridge and Carlyle. These writers described. _Sartor Resartus._ Idealism at Oxford, T. H. Green. F. H. Bradley. Balfour's plea for a philosophy of science. Revival of Idealism in Germany. Lotze. His view of "values" and reality 98 CHAPTER XI SOME RECENT TENDENCIES IN PHILOSOPHY A new philosophy of Science. Mach on "Economy of Thought." "Abstractness" and artificiality of scientific method. Boutroux and natural law. James' view of the mind carried further by Bergson. His view of the intellect. What it can, and what it cannot, do for us. Intuition. Indeterminism and Pluralism. Leibniz revived. Ward's philosophy of personality 110 CHAPTER XII SOME RECENT TENDENCIES IN SCIENCE The "New" Physics. New theories of matter. The "New" Biology. Driesch and neo-vitalism. The "New" Psychology. "Spiritualism." The outlook for the future 125 CHAPTER XIII SOME FINAL CONSIDERATIONS History of Thought supplies no material for dogmatising. Yet a progress of ideas is evident. Permanency of "spiritual" view of reality. Its continual revival. Sabatier's saying. Need of freedom, alike for religion and for science 137 RELIGION AND SCIENCE CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY. RELIGION AND SCIENCE Numerous attempts to define religion have made it evident that religion is indefinable. We may, however, say this much about it, that religion is _an attitude towards life_: a way of looking at existence. It is true that this definition is too wide, and includes things which are not religion--there are certain attitudes to life which are definitely anti-religious--that of the materialist, for instance. However, it will serve a purpose, and we can improve upon it as we proceed. It is a mistake to put too much faith in definitions: at any rate it is better to have our definitions (if have them we must) too wide than too narrow. Science is, fortunately, much easier to define. _Accurate and systematic knowledge_ is what we mean by science--knowledge about anything, provided that the facts are (so far as possible) accurately described and systematically classified. Professor Karl Pearson, the highest authority on the principles of scientific method and theory, writes: