[23] The receipt and perusal of Rousseau's _Emile_, are said to have interrupted the walk on one occasion, to the great astonishment of the Koenigsbergers. [24] Pringle Pattison, _Idea of God_, p. 26. [25] "Atheism is aristocratic," was the reply of Robespierre to one who mocked at his _Etre Supreme_. [26] _Confessions_, Book XII. [27] Hoeffding, Vol. II, p. 9. [28] Fichte's word is _Anschauung_, for which the English language possesses no exact equivalent. It "implies something akin, though perhaps superior to, seeing or perceiving by means of the senses," and it approaches less closely to "inspiration" than does the English word "intuition." The term acquired a meaning somewhat akin to the _amor intellectualis Dei_ of Spinoza, which we have met before. (See note in Merz, III, p. 445.) [29] William James, _A Pluralistic Universe_, p. 92. [30] Here again a certain ambiguity surrounds the German word. _Geist_ is inadequately translated by either "mind" or "spirit": it comprises the meaning of both words (cf. Merz, III, p. 466). [31] This does not mean that what is not good enough for philosophy is good enough for religion. The idea behind Schleiermacher is that what philosophy cannot sanction, religious experience _can_ sanction. And it has to be remembered that, as a follower of Kant, he assigned very definite limits to the powers of philosophy. He was not an Hegelian--Hegel's and Schleiermacher's views of the religious problem are quite incompatible--the one believed, the other did not believe, that reason could solve that problem. [32] Kopp, _Geschichte der Chemie_, Vol. I, p. 442 (quoted by Merz, Vol. I, p. 191). [33] Merz, Vol. I, p. 218. [34] According to one authority (Judd, in his _Coming of Evolution_) the number of known species of plants and animals must be placed at 600,000 (p. 10). [35] _Vestiges of Creation_, published anonymously in 1844, passed through nine large editions by 1853. The author was Robert Chambers (1802-71), a geologist. [36] _Life and Letters_, Vol. I, p. 168 (_vide_ Judd, _Coming of Evolution_, p. 89). [37] As a matter of fact, biologists soon demanded more than even Lyell's geology could give them. Recent discoveries about the nature of matter have, however, further extended the possible age of our planet. [38] Darwin, _Life_, Vol. I, p. 93. [39] "If we wish to fix a definite point to describe as the end of the idealistic period in Germany, no such distinctive event offers itself as the French Revolution of July, 1830" (Lange, _History of Materialism_, E.T., Vol. II, p. 245). [40] A famous book which, though negative in its conclusions, places its author alongside Schleiermacher as one of the founders of the modern science of Religious Psychology. [41] Balfour, _Theism and Humanism_, p. 36.