[42] "Evolution is an integration of matter and concomitant dissipation of motion, during which the matter passes from an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to a definite coherent heterogeneity, and during which the retained motion undergoes a parallel transformation." [43] Spencer confessed that of the _Synthetic Philosophy_ "two volumes are missing," the two important volumes on Inorganic Evolution, leading to the evolution of the living and of the non-living (cf. criticisms by Professor James Ward in his _Naturalism and Agnosticism_, Lecture IX). [44] For an instance of the masterly work turned out by this school and of the attractiveness of their propaganda, read Huxley's lecture, "On a Piece of Chalk," delivered to the working men of Norwich during the meeting of the British Association in 1868. [45] For this famous encounter, see _Life of Huxley_, Vol. I, pp. 179-89, and _Life of J. R. Green_, pp. 44, 45. [46] As we shall subsequently find, this cosmic pessimism is less well grounded than Huxley believed. Still, Spencer's own scientific presuppositions were the same as Huxley's, so that the passage remains a pertinent criticism of the Evolutionary Philosophy as elaborated by him. [47] It is instructive to observe that a similar note of latent pessimism is struck by the last notable survivor of the School we have endeavoured to describe. Viscount Morley at the end of his _Recollections_ (1917), questioned as to the outcome of those generous hopes entertained with such confidence by his contemporaries, is compelled to ejaculate with philosophic brevity, _circumspice_, as he contemplates a spectacle of unparalleled horror. [48] Storr, _Development of English Theology in the Nineteenth Century_, p. 329. See which book for a valuable chapter upon Coleridge. [49] _Foundations of Belief_, p. 98. [50] _Foundations of Belief_, p. 309. [51] For this summary of Lotze's doctrine, see Merz, Vol. III, p. 615 and ff. [52] Quoted by Ward in _Pluralism and Theism_, p. 103. For a brief yet adequate treatment of Mach's criticisms see Hoeffding's _Modern Philosophers_, pp. 115-21. [53] R. B. Perry, _Present Philosophical Tendencies_, p. 351. [54] It is impossible to go deeper into James' "theory of knowledge" without using technical language. A few of his own phrases, however, may help to elucidate things. "Abstract concepts ... are salient aspects of our concrete experiences which we find it useful to single out" (_Meaning of Truth_, p. 246). Elsewhere he speaks of them as things we have learned to "cut out" from experience, as "flowers gathered," and as "moments dipped out from the stream of time" (_A Pluralistic Universe_, p. 235). I owe these quotations to Perry, op. cit. [55] _Creative Evolution_, p. 325. [56] _A Pluralistic Universe_, p. 237. [57] _Creative Evolution_, p. 174. [58] i.e. Intellect is not (as it is generally represented to be) a developed form of instinct, nor instinct an embryonic form of intellect.