[25] _Medicine Men of the Apache_, pp. 499, 500. [26] The question is carefully discussed by Hoernes, _Urgeschichte des Menschen_, p. 93, _sq._, who disputes Mortillet’s opinion. The latter is given in his _Préhistorique Antiquité de l’Homme_, p. 603, _sq._ [27] _The Descent of Man_, p. 95. [28] Quoted in _L’Anthropologie_, vol. viii., p. 334. [29] Granger, _Religion of the Romans_, p. 21; Thiele, _Hist. of the Egyptian Religion_, Introd. [30] Dr. Schwaner, in H. Ling Roth, _The Natives of Sarawak_, vol. ii., App. p. clxii. [31] H. Grimme, _Mohammed_, p. 38. [32] In his Preface to _The Revolt of Islam_. [33] O. Peschel, _Völkerkunde_, s. 255; F. Ratzel, _Ethnographie_, Bd. i;—Schurtz, _Catechismus der Völkerkunde_, s. 88. [34] The eminent anthropologist Broca denied that _religiosity_ is a distinctive trait of humanity. See further in Hovelacque et Hervé, _Précis d’Anthropologie_, pp. 634-636. [35] _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, vol. i., chap. xi. [36] _Hibbert Lectures_, p. 328. Darwin has a parallel passage, _Descent of Man_, p. 95. [37] “Everything, animate or inanimate, which has an independent being, or can be individualised, possesses a spirit, or, more properly, a shade (_idahi_, a shadow, or reflection).” Washington Matthews, _Ethnog. of the Hidatsa_, p. 48. This expresses the general _Weltanschauung_ of the savage mind. Let it be remembered that it is also characteristic of the poetic, or personifying representation of nature, and thus belongs to the highest artistic expressions of the human mind as well as to its feeblest utterances. [38] This was the universal opinion of classical antiquity. See Payne Knight, _Ancient Art_, p. 45. It was also the orthodox theory of the early Church concerning the redeemed soul. It “will know all things as God doth. Whatsoever is in Heaven and whatsoever is in earth, everything will he see with that veritable knowledge which nothing escapeth.”—_Select Works of St. Ephrem the Syrian_, translated by Rev. J. B. Morris, p. 353. [39] Ridley, in _Jour. Anthrop. Institute_, vol. ii., p. 269. [40] Mr. A. E. Gough gives reasons for the opinion that the _yogin_, who practises the _yoga_, is a lineal follower of the ancient local shaman.—_Philosophy of the Upanishads_, p. 221. [41] This curious recent development of most ancient experience is described by Dr. M. Bucke in the work, _In Re Walt Whitman_.