91. Charcoal is an article of great importance in a sanatory and medical as well as in an economical point of view. It possesses no mean power as a deodoriser, and in close sick rooms the smell of the air is deprived of much of its unpleasantness by hanging about the apartment thin muslin bags loosely filled with roughly powdered charcoal. The charcoal requires to be renewed occasionally. For purifying water an effectual plan is to boil it with a good-sized piece of freshly prepared charcoal; it also forms an excellent filter, placed in alternate layers with river sand, as is in use by the natives of Southern India. Charcoal, especially that of the Areca or Betel nut, forms an excellent tooth-powder; but it is essential that it should be _very_ finely powdered, or it may scratch the enamel of the teeth. Lastly, it is of great value in forming the CHARCOAL POULTICE, which is made by adding finely powdered charcoal to a common Rice poultice (322 _c._) in the proportion of one part of the former to three of the latter. A little of the Charcoal should also be sprinkled over the surface of the poultice previous to applying it. This is a valuable application to _Ulcers_ _and Wounds attended by a fœtid discharge_; it proves useful in correcting the bad odour and stimulating to healthy action. 92. +Chaulmugra.+ (The seeds of Gynocardia odorata, _R. Brown_). In Southern India, where Chaulmúgra is rarely obtainable, the oil of the seeds of a tree of the same family, Hydnocarpus inebrians, _Vahl._ (Néradi-muttu, _Tam._, Niradi-vittulu, _Tel._), seems well worthy of a trial. This oil has a great repute amongst the natives of Malabar as a remedy in leprosy. Chaulmúgra or Chál-mogré-ké, bínj (_Hind._). 93. Chaulmúgra seeds are about an inch in length, of an ovoid form, rendered more or less irregular by mutual compression. The shell, greyish brown, smooth and fragile, contains a large kernel, which by expression yields a fixed oil which has a peculiar and slightly unpleasant smell and taste. The oil procured from the bazaars is usually impure, and hence objectionable for internal administration. 94. _In Leprosy_ Chaulmúgra has been used with excellent effect; it has also been advantageously administered in _Scrofula_, _Skin Diseases_, _and Chronic Rheumatism_. The dose of the seeds coarsely powdered is about six grains, thrice daily, in the form of pill, gradually increased to three or four times that amount, or until it causes nausea, when the dose should be diminished, or the use of the remedy suspended for a time. This is the best form of administration. The dose of the oil is from five to six drops, gradually increased as in the case of the seeds. During the use of this remedy it is advisable to avoid all salt meats, acids, spices, and sweetmeats; on the other hand, its operation is aided by butter, ghee, and oily articles of diet. It might, perhaps, be advantageously combined with a course of fish-liver oil.