Among the numerous specimens of ancient glass now in the British
Museum, there are enough of the Egyptian and Roman manufacture to
impress us with profound respect for the art as pursued by the earlier
workers in glass. Among them is a fragment considered as the _ne plus
ultra_ of the chemical and manipulatory skill of the ancient workers.
It is described as consisting of no less than five layers or strata of
glass, the interior layer being of the usual blue color, with green and
red coatings, and each strata separated from and contrasted with the
others by layers of white enamel, skilfully arranged by some eminent
artist of the Grecian school. The subject is a female reposing upon a
couch, executed in the highest style of art. It presents a fine
specimen of gem engraving. Among the articles made of common material
are a few green vases about fifteen inches high, in an excellent state
of preservation, and beautiful specimens of workmanship. In the
formation of the double handles and curves, these vases evince a degree
of skill unattained by the glass-blowers of the present period.
The cases in the Egyptian room at the Museum contain several necklaces,
small figures, scarabæi, and other objects, which would appear to an
ordinary observer to be composed of precious stones. They are, in fact,
at least most of them, formed either of glass throughout the whole
substance, or of materials covered with a glass coating. The
manufacture of articles of this description presupposes a market for
them; and the desire upon the part of the less affluent members of
society to possess, at a cheap rate, ornaments in imitation of their
superiors, necessarily leads to the conclusion that, even at the most
ancient of the periods I have mentioned, the Egyptians had made a
remarkable advance in the customs of civilized life. The Museum cases
also exhibit networks of glass bugles, with which the wrappers of
mummies were often decorated; and there is abundance of evidence to
show that wine was frequently served at table in glass bottles and
cups. Alexander the Great is said to have been buried at Alexandria in
a coffin composed wholly of glass.
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