[Footnote 367: The prospect of his visit to Milan in 1509 called forth these pretty April verses from Antiquari:-- Aldus venit en, Aldus ecce venit! Nunc, O nunc, juvenes, ubique in urbe Flores spargite. Vere namque primo Aldus venit en, Aldus ecce venit.] [Footnote 368: See above, p. 275, for his hatred of the [Greek: bibliotaphoi]. He was the very opposite of Henri Estienne the younger, who closed his library against his son-in-law Casaubon.] [Footnote 369: Didot, pp. 89, 299, 423.] [Footnote 370: _Priscian_, at Erfurt, 1501; _Alphabet_, _Batrachomyomachia_, Musæus, Theocritus, Grammar of Chrysoloras, Hesiod's _Works and Days_, Paris, 1507; Aristotle on _Divination by Dreams_, Cracow, 1529; Lucian, [Greek: peri dipsadôn], Oxford, 1521, are among the earliest Greek books printed out of Italy. The grammars of the Greek humanists were frequently reprinted in the first quarter of the sixteenth century in Germany.] CHAPTER VII FOURTH PERIOD OF HUMANISM Fall of the Humanists -- Scholarship permeates Society -- A New Ideal of Life and Manners -- Latinisation of Names -- Classical Periphrases -- Latin Epics on Christian Themes -- Paganism -- The Court of Leo X. -- Honours of the Church given to Scholars -- Ecclesiastical Men of the World -- Mæcenases at Rome -- Papal and Imperial Rome -- Moral Corruption -- Social Refinement -- The Roman Academy -- Pietro Bembo -- His Life at Ferrara -- At Urbino -- Comes to Rome -- Employed by Leo -- Retirement to Padua -- His Dictatorship of Letters -- Jacopo Sadoleto -- A Graver Genius than Bembo -- Paulus Jovius -- Latin Stylist -- His Histories -- Baldassare Castiglione -- Life at Urbino and Rome -- The Courtly Scholar -- His Diplomatic Missions -- Alberto Pio -- Gian Francesco Pico della Mirandola -- The Vicissitudes of his Life -- Jerome Aleander -- Oriental Studies -- The Library of the Vatican -- His Mission to Germany -- Inghirami, Beroaldo, and Acciaiuoli -- The Roman University -- John Lascaris -- Study of Antiquities -- Origin of the 'Corpus Inscriptionum' -- Topographical Studies -- Formation of the Vatican Sculpture Gallery -- Discovery of the Laocoon -- Feeling for Statues in Renaissance Italy -- Venetian Envoys in the Belvedere -- Raphael's Plan for excavating Ancient Rome -- His Letter to Leo -- Effect of Antiquarian Researches on the Arts -- Intellectual Supremacy of Rome in this Period -- The Fall -- Adrian VI. -- The Sack of Rome -- Valeriano's Description of the Sufferings of Scholars.