Report on the geology of the Henry MountainsGilbert, Grove Karl
Science
Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains
Gilbert, Grove Karl
Geology -- Utah -- Henry Mountains; Intrusions (Geology) -- Utah -- Henry Mountains
The disturbances at the close of the Cretaceous period were of the
Kaibab type[1]. It seems as though the crust of the earth had been
divided into great blocks, each many miles in extent, which were moved
from their original positions in various ways. Some were carried up and
others down, and the majority were left higher at one margin than at the
other. But although they moved independently, they were not cleft
asunder. The strata remained continuous, and were flexed instead of
faulted at the margins of the blocks. Subsequent erosion has obliterated
in great part the inequality of the surface, and the higher-lying blocks
do not stand as mountains, but are outlined by zones of tilted strata
which mark the flexures by which the blocks are separated. Along the
zones of flexure it frequently happens that a hard stratum outcropping
between two that are softer will be preserved from erosion and form a
long, continuous ridge. Such ridges, and other forms produced by the
erosion of the flexures, are conspicuous features of the topography, and
the tracing out of the limits of the blocks is a simple matter. Indeed
the flexures are the first elements of the structure to attract
attention, and it is easy in studying them to overlook the fact that
they merely mark the limits between displaced masses of great extent. If
the reader will examine Plate I at the end of the volume, he will
observe that the system of parallel ridges and valleys which follow the
line of the Waterpocket flexure are very conspicuous features; but it is
only by some such generalization as that given in the stereogram of the
same region (Plate II) that the full structural significance of the
flexures can be realized. Each map was obtained by photography from a
model in relief, in which the proportionate heights of the several
features were not exaggerated. The stereogram was produced by the
restoration of the top of the Cretaceous, the Masuk sandstone, in the
form and position it would have, had there been no erosion of the
region, but displacement only.
Footnote 1:
For a definition of the Kaibab structure, see “Geology of the Uinta
Mountains,” pp. 14 and 17, and American Journal of Science for July
and August, 1876, pp. 21 and 85.
I must caution the reader against an implication of rigidity which might
attach to the meaning of the word “block”, as I have used it in speaking
of the great displaced rock masses. To what extent they may be regarded
as rigid is uncertain, but the presence upon their surfaces of numerous
minor flexures, such as appear in the stereogram, would seem to imply
that their rigidity is not of a high order.
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