Report on the geology of the Henry MountainsGilbert, Grove Karl
Science
Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains
Gilbert, Grove Karl
Geology -- Utah -- Henry Mountains; Intrusions (Geology) -- Utah -- Henry Mountains
The term _sheet_ will be applied in this report to broad, thin,
stratified bodies of trap, which have been intruded along the partings
between sedimentary strata, and conform with the inclosing strata in
dip. _Dikes_ differ from sheets in that they intersect the sedimentary
strata at greater or less angles, occupying fissures produced by the
rupture of the strata.
The logical distinction between dike and sheet is complete, but in
nature it not unfrequently happens that the same body of trap is a sheet
in one place and a dike in another. Between the sheet and the laccolite
there is a complete gradation. The laccolite is a greatly thickened
sheet, and the sheet is a broad, thin, attenuated laccolite.
[Illustration:
FIG. 9.—Ideal Cross-section of a Laccolite, with accompanying Sheets
and Dikes.
]
In the district under consideration the laccolite is usually, perhaps
always, accompanied by dikes and sheets (see Figure 9). There are sheets
beneath laccolites and sheets above them. The superior sheets have never
been observed to extend beyond the curved portion of the superior
strata. Dikes rise from the upper surfaces of the laccolites. They are
largest and most numerous about the center, but, like the superior
sheets, they often extend nearly to the limit of the flexure of the
uplifted strata. The larger often radiate from the center outward, but
there is no constancy of arrangement. Where they are numerous they
reticulate.
In the accompanying diagrams dikes are represented beneath as well as
above the laccolites. These are purely hypothetical, since they have not
been seen. In a general way, the molten rock must have come from below,
but the channel by which it rose has in no instance been determined by
observation.
The horizontal distribution of the laccolites is as irregular as the
arrangement of volcanic vents. They lie in clusters, and each cluster is
marked by a mountain. In Mount Ellen there are perhaps thirty
laccolites. In Mount Holmes there are two; and in Mount Ellsworth one.
Mount Pennell and Mount Hillers each have one large and several smaller
ones.
[Illustration:
FIG. 10.—Ideal Cross-section of Grouped Laccolites.
]
Their vertical distribution likewise is irregular. Some have intruded
themselves between Cretaceous strata, others between Jura-Triassic, and
others between Carboniferous. From the highest to the lowest the range
is not less than 4,000 feet. Those which are above not unfrequently
overlap those which lie below, as represented in the ideal section,
Figure 10.
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