These lands will maintain but a scanty population. The homes must necessarily be widely scattered from the fact that the farm unit must be large. That the inhabitants of these districts may have the benefits of the local social organizations of civilization--as schools, churches, etc., and the benefits of coöperation in the construction of roads, bridges, and other local improvements, it is essential that the residences should be grouped to the greatest possible extent. This may be practically accomplished by making the pasturage farms conform to topographic features in such manner as to give the greatest possible number of water fronts. PASTURAGE LANDS CANNOT BE FENCED. The great areas over which stock must roam to obtain subsistence usually prevents the practicability of fencing the lands. It will not pay to fence the pasturage fields, hence in many cases the lands must be occupied by herds roaming in common; for poor men coöperative pasturage is necessary, or communal regulations for the occupancy of the ground and for the division of the increase of the herds. Such communal regulations have already been devised in many parts of the country. RECAPITULATION. The Arid Region of the United States is more than four-tenths of the area of the entire country excluding Alaska. In the Arid Region there are three classes of lands, namely, irrigable lands, timber lands, and pasturage lands. IRRIGABLE LANDS. Within the Arid Region agriculture is dependent upon irrigation. The amount of irrigable land is but a small percentage of the whole area. The chief development of irrigation depends upon the use of the large streams. For the use of large streams coöperative labor or capital is necessary. The small streams should not be made to serve lands so as to interfere with the use of the large streams. Sites for reservoirs should be set apart, in order that no hinderance may be placed upon the increase of irrigation by the storage of water. TIMBER LANDS. The timber regions are on the elevated plateaus and mountains. The timber regions constitute from 20 to 25 per cent. of the Arid Region. The area of standing timber is much less than the timber region, as the forests have been partially destroyed by fire. The timber regions cannot be used as farming lands; they are valuable for forests only. To preserve the forests they must be protected from fire. This will be largely accomplished by removing the Indians. The amount of timber used for economic purposes will be more than replaced by the natural growth. In general the timber is too far from the agricultural lands to be owned and utilized directly by those who carry on farming by irrigation. A division of labor is necessary, and special timber industries will be developed, and hence the timber lands must be controlled by lumbermen and woodmen.