Instances of, in the Bedford Union, 262; Stafford Union, 263, in Norfolk and Suffolk, 264; at Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, 266; at the Earl of Rosebery’s estate, Scotland, 266; at Closeburn, Dumfries, 266; Turton and Bollington, Lancashire, 267; Birmingham 267 Instances of the influence of the materials used in building upon the health of the inmates in Cheshire, Lancashire, Buckingham and Berkshire 267 Instances of efficient improvements in the detail of labourers’ dwellings in Scotland 270 Improvements proposed for the construction of the dwellings of the lower classes in towns 272 _Effects of public walks and gardens on the health and morals of the lower classes of the population_ 275 VII. RECOGNISED PRINCIPLES OF LEGISLATION AND STATE OF THE EXISTING LAW FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH:— 279 Necessity of legislative interference for the protection of the health of the population 279 Spread of old evils in unprotected new districts by inefficient legislation 280 Dangers of increased charges for inefficient sanitary measures shifting without improving the population 282 Expulsion of labourers from old tenements without providing appropriate new ones, not invariably beneficial 286 Advantages in the regulation of the sites of dwellings 287 _General state of the law for the protection of the public health_:— 288 Medical police in Germany 288 Existing laws for the protection of the public health in England 289 Early state of the law for the protection of the public health 291 _State of the special authorities for reclaiming the execution of the laws for the protection of the public health_:— 296 General desuetude of the laws for the protection of the public health 296 State of the administration of the laws for the protection of the public health, by court leets and local trusts 299 _State of the local executive authorities for the erection and maintenance of drains and other works for the protection of the public health_:— 302