Various methods have been tried to reduce or eliminate the trouble caused by the wind. Canvas screens have been used for this purpose with some benefit. When the picture is worth the trouble, a tent may be erected to afford a very efficient protection. This is too prodigal of time and energy, however, to be practicable under the usual conditions. Flashlight exposures on still nights are sometimes feasible, but the disadvantages connected with them are too great to bring them into general use. The best procedure is to bide one’s time, and to take quadrats, transects, and other detail areas, as well as many plant groups, at a time that promises to be most favorable. Single plants can often be moved in the field so that they are protected from the wind, or so that they are more strongly lighted. Slender, or feathery plants are usually very difficult to handle out of doors. The best plan is to photograph them in a room that is well and evenly lighted, or, best of all, in a stable, roomy tent. =239. The sequence of details.= No photographer ever escapes blunders entirely. At the outset of his work, the ecologist must fully realize this, and accordingly plan a method of operating the camera which will reduce the chance of mistake to a minimum. The usual blunders which every one makes sooner or later, such as making two exposures on one plate, drawing the slide before closing the shutter, allowing the light to strike the plate through the slit in the holder, etc., can be all but absolutely avoided by a fixed order of doing things. This order will naturally not be the same for different persons; it is necessary merely that each have his own invariable sequence. The following one will serve as an illustration. As a preliminary, the plate-holders are filled, after having been carefully dusted, and the slides are uniformly replaced with the black edge inward. It is a wise precaution to again see that all the slides are in this position before leaving the dark room. This will ensure that a black edge outward always means that the plate has been exposed. The tripod is first set up and placed in what seems about the proper position. The camera is next attached to it, and the front and back opened. The bellows is pulled out, a short distance for views, and a longer one for detail pictures, and fastened. It is necessary to move the diaphragm index to the largest aperture and to open the shutter at “time.” The next steps are to orient the view or object, and to bring it into sharp focus upon the ground glass. The first is accomplished by moving the entire instrument, changing the position of the tripod legs, swinging the camera upon the tripod, or by raising or lowering the lens front. It is often desirable also to change the position of the object on the plate by use of the reversible back. In views with much distance, the foreground is brought into sharp focus. In close views, especially of quadrats, the swing is used to increase