Research methods in ecologyClements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Science
Research methods in ecology
Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Plant ecology; Plant ecology -- Methodology
=67. Placing the instrument.= The psychrograph should be located in a
place where the circulation of the air is typical of the station
observed. A satisfactory shelter will screen the instrument from sun and
rain, and at the same time permit the air to pass freely through the
perforations of the metal case. The form shown in figure 8 meets both of
these conditions. A desirable modification is effected by fastening a
strip about the cover of such depth as to prevent the sun’s rays from
striking the case except when the sun is near the horizon. A cross block
is fastened on the post of the shelter after being exactly leveled. The
psychrograph rests upon this block, which is three feet above the ground
in order to avoid the influence of radiation. The instrument is held in
position by slipping the eye over a small-headed nail driven obliquely.
It does not hang from the latter, but must rest firmly upon the cross
block. The post is set to a depth that prevents oscillation in the wind,
which is liable to obscure the record. In shallow mountain soils
stability is attained by fastening a broad board at the base of the post
before setting it. When two or more psychrographs are established in
different habitats, great pains are taken to set them up in exactly the
same way. The shelters are alike, the height above the soil the same,
and the instruments all face the south.
=68. Regulating and operating the instrument.= When two or more
psychrographs are to be used in series, they must be compared with each
other in the same spot for several days until they run exactly together
with respect to per cent of humidity and to time. During this comparison
they are checked by the psychrometer and so regulated that they register
the proper humidity. When a single instrument is used alone as the basis
to which simple readings may be referred, all regulating may well be
done after the instrument is in position. This is a simple process; it
is accomplished by obtaining the relative humidity beneath the shelter
and at the proper height by a psychrometer. The pen hand is then moved
to the proper line on the disk by means of the screws at its base. These
are reached by removing the lettered glass face. The thumbscrew on the
side opposite the direction in which the pen is to move is released, and
the opposite screw simultaneously tightened, until the pen remains upon
the proper line. Experience has proved that the record sheet should be
correctly labeled and dated before being placed on the disk. In the
press of field duties, records labeled after removal are liable to be
confused. It is likewise a great saving of time to write the date of the
month in the margin of each segment. Care is taken to place the sheet on
the disk in the same position each time; this can easily be done by
seeing that the sharp point on the disk penetrates the same spot on the
paper. A single drop of ink in the pen will usually give the most
satisfactory line.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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