Research methods in ecologyClements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Science
Research methods in ecology
Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward)
Plant ecology; Plant ecology -- Methodology
As a sunshine recorder, the instrument gives a perfect record, in which
the varying intensities are readily recognizable. Since the cylinder
moves one-half inch in an hour, and the slit is .01 of an inch, the time
of each exposure is 72 seconds. This gives a very deep color on the
solio paper, which results in a serious error in making comparisons with
the standard. On account of the hood, diffuse light is not recorded when
it is too weak to cast a distinct shadow. It seems probable that this
difficulty will be overcome by the use of a flat disk containing the
proper slit, and in this event the instrument will become of especial
value for measuring the diffuse light of layered formations. The
celluloid sheet constitutes a source of error in sunlight on account of
the reflection which it causes. This can be prevented by using the
instrument only on sunny days, when the protection of the sheet can be
dispensed with.
=81. The selagraph.= This instrument is at present under construction,
and can only be described in a general way. In principle it is a simple
photometer operating automatically. It consists of a light-tight box
preferably of metal, which contains an eight-day lever clock. Attached
to the arbor of the latter is a disk 7 inches in diameter bearing on its
circumference a solio strip 1 cm. wide and 59 cm. long. The opening in
the box for exposure is 6 mm. square and is controlled by a photographic
shutter. The latter is constructed so that it may be set for 5, 10, or
20 seconds, since a single period of exposure can not serve for both sun
and shade. The shutter is tripped once every two hours, by means of a
special wheel revolving once a day. Each exposure is 6 mm. square, and
is separated by a small space from the next one. Twelve exposures are
made every 24 hours, and 84 during the week, though, naturally, the
daytime exposures alone are recorded. Comparisons with the multiple
standard are made exactly as in the case of the simple photometer. The
selagraph is made by the C. H. Stoelting Co., Chicago, Illinois.
_Standards_
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