Researches on the Visual Organs of the TrilobitesLindström, Gustaf
Science
Researches on the Visual Organs of the Trilobites
Lindström, Gustaf
Trilobites
Of these genera Eurycare is the oldest (see table p. 22). Amongst the
many free and detached cheeks only a single, very little one has been
found with the eye ball fixed. It seems to be of the same structure as
in Sphærophthalmus. In Sphærophthalmus and Ctenopyge the eye globes
are enormous, considering the size of the cheek in which they are set
and occupy more than a third of the length of the free cheek (Pl. III
f. 26, 31). They are hemispheric, blackish and glossy, more so in the
former genus. The spheroidal lenses, projecting on the surface, are in
Ctenopyge larger near the facial suture and small at the opposite side
where the eye is fixed in the free cheek. For the rest, in both genera
(Pl. III fig. 34) the lenses form a thin stratum, where they in a
vertical section lie elongated, flattened and biconvex, slightly joined
with each other at the point of contact. The fine form which they
exhibit reminds of the lenses of Sphæroma.[29] They are in diameter
thrice as long as they are high. Seen in a horizontal section passing
through the point of contact they show hexaeders with a curiously
jagged outline (Pl. III fig. 33).
[Footnote 29: BELLONCI Atti dei Lincei. Memorie, vol. X, 1881,
Sphæroma, pl. II fig. 11.]
Peltura which is coeval with these, has a narrow semiglobose visual
field (Pl. III figs 35-41), the superior surface of which is quite
smooth and evenly rounded. On its interior side there stand out,
somewhat distantiated, in a low relief semiglobular facets, quite as
regular incrassations of the cornea, thus not forming free lenses, but
rather reminding of the for the rest differently formed quasi-lenses
of Limulus. In a vertical section they appear as the inferior moiety of
real ovate lenses (Pl. III f. 40-41).
The much younger Acerocare has a similar cornea. A very little
specimen, the head of scarcely more than one millim. in length, retains
both eyes, of which one shows the slightly convex lenses and the other
a cast of the interior side as in Peltura. These both genera should in
consequence of their peculiar limuloid cornea be ranged for themselves
apart from the real lenticulate genera, but any material sufficient for
doing this properly, is at present not at hand.
II. =Aggregate eyes.=
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