The advocates of punishment believe that law controls the natural world.
The movement of the earth about the sun, the changes of the moon, the
rising and falling of the tide, the change of seasons, all these depend
on natural law. It is even known that the distribution of animal life
upon the earth is due to natural law. Certain climates and locations
produce certain animal life. Particular seasons of the year increase or
diminish insect life. The wild fowl flies north in summer and south
in winter. The swarming of bees, the homes of ants, in short all the
activities, lives and deaths of the brute creation are surely seen to be
the subject of natural law. The distribution, growth and decay of plant
life is no less within the realm of law, than is the animal life, which
depends upon the same powers and forces, the same great source of life.
But when man is reached it would seem that the rule of law is at an end.
His life and death, his goings in and out, his myriad acts are due to
no rule or system or law, but are the result of capricious will alone.
True, in many of his acts man recognizes the great force in whose mighty
power he is like the insect, or the grain of sand tossed by the angry
sea. Here and there he seems to dimly understand the great laws of
necessity, of sequence, of consequence, that govern human life. Every
father who takes pains in the rearing of his child, who surrounds it with
the influences that build up character and develop judgment and reason,
recognizes the law of necessity, the controlling power of environment,
the strength of habit and circumstance. The life of tribes and races and
nations show that fixed laws control in the actions of men, as everywhere
else within the realm of nature. Man is a part of nature, the highest
evolution of all, but still a part firmly bound by law to every atom of
matter and every particle of force which the wide universe contains. The
life and death of man, his distribution over the earth, his permanency
as an individual or a tribe, depend upon all other life. Man draws his
sustenance from the animate and inanimate world. The lives of bees depend
upon the flowers, their number and condition, their coming and going;
their birth and death is due to this natural cause outside the control
of the individual bee. The life of man depends upon his supply of food
and shelter, upon his ability to obtain the necessities of life. It
is true that in his progress he is no longer bound so closely to the
earth as in his early stages. He has learned something of the laws of
nature and is able to take some thought for the morrow; but yet famine
destroys him, disease overcomes him; severe droughts, protracted heat,
great inundations of flood, all these affect his life, change population,
destroy vast numbers, always the weaker, those less able to provide
for themselves, those who, from circumstances, have taken the smallest
thought for the morrow.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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