The Congress of Vienna—Monarchs and Diplomatists present—History of the Congress—Treaty between France, Austria, and England—The Questions of Saxony and Poland—The German Confederation—Disposition of the provinces on the left bank of the Rhine—Mayence and Luxembourg—Reconstitution of Switzerland—Rearrangements in Italy—Questions of Murat, Genoa, and the Empress Marie Louise—Sweden—Denmark—Spain—Portugal—England’s share of the spoil—The Questions of the Slave Trade and the Navigation of Rivers—Close of the Congress—Preparations against Napoleon—The first reign of Louis XVIII. in France—Napoleon’s return from Elba—The Hundred Days—The Campaign of Waterloo—Occupation of Paris—Second Treaty of Paris—Napoleon sent to St. Helena—The Holy Alliance—Return of Louis XVIII.—Government of the Second Restoration—The Chambre Introuvable—Reaction in Spain and Naples—Territorial Results of the Congress of Vienna—The Principle of Nationality—Permanent Results of the French Revolution in Europe—The Problem of harmonising the Principles of Individual and Political Liberty with that of Nationality, 336 APPENDICES APPENDIX I. The Rulers and Ministers of the Great Powers of Europe, 1789–1815, 364 APPENDIX II. The Rulers of the Second-rate Powers of Europe, 1789–1815, 366 APPENDIX III. The Family of Napoleon, 368 APPENDIX IV. Napoleon’s Marshals, 370 APPENDIX V. Napoleon’s Ministers during the Consulate and Empire, 1799–1814, 372 APPENDIX VI. Concordance of the Republican and Gregorian Calendars, 374 INDEX, 377 MAPS Europe in 1789.} Europe in 1802.} _At end of book._ Europe in 1810.} Europe in 1815.} INTRODUCTION