[193] Saint Pierre du Queiroix, “de Quadrivio,” situated near the north-east angle of the old town or Castrum S. Martialis; _ib._ [194] “Santius de Sarannas et Curbanus seu Curbaranus,” G. Vigeois, 333; in all other places where Geoffrey mentions the latter he uses the longer form of the name. “Curbaran” is the name of a Saracen prince in the _Chanson d’Antioche_. In the printed editions of Geoffrey’s history the other leader figures as _Sautius_ and _Saucius_, but these are probably misreadings of _Santius_ and _Sancius_, Latin for Sancho or Sanchez. Sérannes or Serranes is the name of a cluster of hills in what is now the department of Héraut; most likely this bandit chief had a favourite lurking-place there; cf. “Willekin of the Weald.” [195] G. Vigeois, 333, 334. [196] _Ib._, 333-4. [197] “Citramarinos principes.” [198] G. Vigeois, 335-6. [199] _Gesta_, i. 299. [200] G. Vigeois, 335. [201] “Tost l’agral reis joves matat, Sil coms nol [nos, Stimming] n’agues ensenhat; Mas aissils clan els enserra Qu’Engolmes a per fort cobrat E tot Saintonge delivrat Tro lai part Finibus Terra.” —“Eu chant,” ll. 7-12. Bertrand’s modern commentators have assumed that the nominative to “a cobrat e ... delivrat” is “lo reis joves,” and understood ll. 9-12 as referring to the invasion of the Angoumois and Saintonge by the Routiers in behalf of young Henry. I venture to suggest that the true nominative is “lo coms”—_i. e._, the count of Poitou. There could be no “recovery” of the Angoumois either by or for young Henry, who had never had any authority there. The whole structure and context of the lines indicate that they refer to Richard. “Finibus Terra,” Finisterre, doubtless stands here, like “Broceliande” in another of Bertrand’s poems (“D’un sirventes nom chal,” l. 33), simply for Britanny. [202] “Eu chant,” ll. 5-12, 16-18. On l. 8, “Sil coms,” etc., see Stimming’s note, 155. [203] G. Vigeois, 336. [204] “Eu chant,” ll. 37-42. [205] G. Vigeois, 338. [206] _Ib._, 337. [207] _Ib._, 336, 338. [208] _Ib._, 337; cf. _Gesta_, i. 302, 303. [209] G. Vigeois, 337. [210] On comparing the words of G. Vigeois, _l.c._—“Castrum ... dux jure praelii cepit”—with those of Bertrand himself—“Autafort, Qu’eu ai rendut Al senhor de Niort, Quar l’a volgut” (“Ges no mi desconort,” ll. 5-8), I think this must be the real meaning of both. [211] “Ges no mi desconort,” ll. 9-14. [212] G. Vigeois, _l.c._ [213] “Nom chal d’Autafort, Mais far dreit ni tort, Qu’el jutjamen crei Monsenhor lo rei”; last four lines of “Ges de far sirventes.” [214] “Ges de far,” ll. 9, 10. [215] Literally “as true as any silver”—“fi com us argens,” “Ges no mi desconort,” l. 50. [216] _Gesta_, i. 308. [217] A. Richard, _Comtes de Poitou_, ii. 373, from a document in the cartulary of Fontevraud. The “five years” which John is there stated to have spent in the abbey must be prior to February 1173; this appears from later notices of his whereabouts cited in my _John Lackland_, pp. 7, 8.