Great Britain -- History -- Richard I, 1189-1199; Great Britain -- Kings and rulers -- Biography; Richard I, King of England, 1157-1199
The darkest secrets connected with the league did not come out till
after Christmas. The festival week was spent by the two Henrys,
Richard, and Geoffrey, at Caen.[171] On [Sidenote: 1183] January
1, 1183, the young king, “of his own accord, no one compelling
him,” publicly took an oath on the Gospels that he would serve his
father loyally and faithfully from that time forth; “and because—as
he asserted—he desired to retain in his mind no malice or rancour
whereby his father might afterwards be offended, he made known to
him that he (young Henry) was bound by an agreement with the barons
of Aquitaine against his brother Richard; having been moved thereto
because the castle of Clairvaux had been built against his will,
in the patrimony which was his rightful inheritance, by his said
brother; wherefore he besought his father to take that castle from
Richard and retain it in his own keeping.” Richard, when admonished
by his father on the subject, at first refused to give up the castle,
but afterwards at his father’s desire “freely made it over to him to
dispose of it according to his good pleasure.”[172]
The question of Clairvaux was thus settled for the lifetime of the
elder king; the settlement was that which the younger one had himself
proposed, and it ought to have led to his immediate withdrawal from
his engagements with Richard’s enemies. But the incident had a
further significance which filled Henry II with dismay. It showed
him that on his death not only might this particular dispute between
young Henry and Richard be reopened, but a crowd of other disputes
might arise among all his sons about their feudal relations with each
other, and that unless these relations were fixed beforehand, all
his schemes for preserving the integrity of the Angevin dominions
would probably come to nought. As soon as the festival season was
over he set out with his sons for Anjou. When they reached Le Mans,
he expressed his desire that young Henry, as the future head of
the family, should receive the homage of Richard and Geoffrey for
their respective duchies.[173] It seems that the proposition was
made privately to the young king, and was at least tacitly accepted
by him. Accordingly, on arriving at Angers, Henry II took measures
for confirming once for all “a bond of perpetual peace” between the
three brothers. First, each of them swore to keep his fealty to his
father always and against all men, and always to render to him due
honour and service. Next, they all swore that they would “always
keep peace among themselves according to the disposition made by
their father.”[174] Whatever may have been the case with regard to
Geoffrey and Britanny, it appears that Richard, at least, was thus
far wholly unaware that the “disposition” which he was thus pledged
to respect implied any arrangements beyond those which already
existed concerning his tenure of Poitou or of Aquitaine. The elder
king now publicly called upon the younger one to receive Geoffrey’s
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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