First, in the vestment-customs both of East and West there is recognition, though in different ways, of some covering for the _head_. In East and West a bonnet or mitre is worn by Bishops. In celebrating, in the West, a small garment called the "amice," _of fine white linen, with a very rich edge or fillet_, is first placed on the head of the Celebrant, and then removed to his shoulders, so that the _rich edge_ rests at first on the forehead, and then appears from under the alb and chasuble.[35] Now the prayer, with which this singular appendage is put on ("Place on my head, O Lord, the helmet of salvation"), proves that it represents a bonnet or head-covering. [35] 'Directorium Anglicanum,' pp. 16, 21. "The amice is an oblong square of fine white linen, and is put on upon the cassock or priest's canonical dress. It is embroidered or 'apparelled' upon _one_ edge. In vesting, it is placed for a moment, like a veil, upon the crown of the head, and then spread upon the shoulders." "The _apparel_ of the amice _cannot be too rich_ in its ornamentation." _Amice_ is the Latin _amictus_--"the covering," referring to Psalm cxl. 7, "Thou hast covered my head in the day of battle." Again, the fact that the _stole_ is not a mere border, but _detached_, both in East and West, from the tunic or alb, and in the West, rests on the _shoulders_, is singular. In the East it is a broad double stripe of costly silk, richly embroidered, hanging down in front of the wearer; and often[36] _adorned with gems and gold_; while in the West it is crossed[37] _on the breast_ in celebrating: and throughout the East and West extraordinary importance has from early times attached to it, it being worn in every sacred function.[38] [36] See Neale, Introduction to 'History of Eastern Church,' vol. i. p. 308. [37] The very ancient Syriac Liturgy of St. James has the loose stole, as in the West, and crossed too upon the breast.--_Renaud._ p. 15. [38] "In all prayers, even in those recited at home preparatory to the public Office, the Epitrachelion (_i.e._ stole) is worn."--Neale, 'Eastern Church,' p. 313. And St. Dunstan's Canons, A.D. 979, order "That no priest ever come within the church door, or into his stall, without a stole."--Hook's 'Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury,' vol. i. p. 488.