Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religionHartland, Edwin Sidney
Religion
Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religion
Hartland, Edwin Sidney
Ethnopsychology; Magic; Religion; Rites and ceremonies
Great and awful as gods may be, they are after all but {192} human.
The most mysterious of them are conceived in quasi-human terms. On the
other hand, human beings are often looked upon as gods and treated
accordingly. But then their treatment is simply that of powerful men,
men possessed of and filled with a greater or less degree of _mana_,
who therefore require to be handled gingerly, like an unexploded bomb.
Such a man-god, if a native ruler or fellow-tribesman, can seldom be
driven away; but he may, especially if his _mana_ be suspected of
departing from him, be attacked and slain. To expound this practice
and the belief on which it is founded, or with which it is bound up,
Dr Frazer’s great work, _The Golden Bough_, has been written. The
white man, like the gods, is to peoples in the lower culture
mysterious, powerful, endowed with _mana_. To that extent he is the
object of wonder and fear, he is a god. Yet he may be fought and
overpowered, killed or driven away. Of the Bangala in the Upper Congo
basin we are told that before the unknown and mysterious the native
“is timid, fearful, and very superstitious. He will regard you as a
_god_, and yet try to fight you; he will superstitiously believe that
you have wonderful occult powers that can stop the rain, cause
pestilence and plagues; and yet he will not attempt to conciliate you,
but he will savagely tell you to clear out of his town and take your
witchcraft elsewhere.”[192.1]
So and not otherwise the savage treats his gods. Where milder means
avail not, and he can get his way by rough treatment of the idols or
other tangible forms in which they are presented, he does not hesitate
to use physical force. As little will he hesitate to use guile to eke
out his inferior strength. It is but another manifestation of his
_orenda_. Hence the tales of audacious heroes {193} who have measured
their strength or their cunning against more tremendous personages.
Hence the threats and insults addressed to powers beyond immediate
reach by peoples all over the world. Hence the punishment inflicted on
the images of gods and saints. Hence the boldness of the Celts.
THE HAUNTED WIDOW
{194}
According to the legend of Osiris as preserved for us by Plutarch,
the slain divinity accompanied with Isis, his sister-wife, after his
death, with the result that she had by him a child whose name is given
in Greek form as Harpocrates.[194.1] Doubt has been thrown by some
Egyptologists upon the accuracy of Plutarch’s report; but it is
probably correct. At all events the incident is fairly widespread both
in tale and superstition, as I shall proceed to show.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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