Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religionHartland, Edwin Sidney
Religion
Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religion
Hartland, Edwin Sidney
Ethnopsychology; Magic; Religion; Rites and ceremonies
That the same reasons apply, at all events among some tribes, to the
veiling of the faces of widows and widowers appears from the customs
of the Lkungen of Vancouver Island. After a burial “the whole tribe go
down to the sea, wash their heads, bathe, and cut their hair. The
nearer related a person is to the deceased, the shorter he cuts his
hair. Those who do not belong to the deceased’s family merely clip the
ends of their hair.… Widow and widower, after the death of wife or
husband, are forbidden to cut their hair, as they would gain too great
power over the souls and the welfare of others. They must remain alone
at their fire for a long time, and are forbidden to mingle with other
people. When they eat, nobody must see them. They must keep their
faces covered for ten days. They fast for two days after burial and
are not allowed to speak. After two days they may speak a little; but
before addressing anyone they must go into the woods and clean
themselves in ponds and with cedar-branches. If they wish to harm an
enemy they call his name when taking their first meal after the fast,
and bite very hard in eating. It is believed that this will kill him.
They must not go near the water, or eat fresh salmon, as the latter
might be driven away. {255} They must not eat warm food, else their
teeth would fall out.”[255.1] This account shows that the widow or
widower is dangerous to other people, and consequently in a state of
taboo. It further shows that the fast and privation of society and
comfort that such a mourner undergoes materially increase his
_orenda_, giving him power to kill his enemy by sympathetic magic, or
even rendering him a peril to his own community if he add to the
severity of his penance by cutting his hair, as a mourner who is not
so nearly related to the deceased does. All this is in accord with the
principles underlying the taboo and fast of girls and boys at puberty.
There can be very little doubt that it is dictated by similar motives.
If so, the covering of the face is, here at least, not intended to
disguise the mourner and conceal him from the ghost. It is an integral
portion of his taboo. It helps to safeguard the well-being of the
surviving members of his community, and to make his own _orenda_ more
powerful.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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