Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religionHartland, Edwin Sidney
Religion
Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religion
Hartland, Edwin Sidney
Ethnopsychology; Magic; Religion; Rites and ceremonies
That protection is needed against the ghost of the recently dead is
clear. All over the world there is fear of ghosts. Protection,
however, is not commonly sought in disguise, even in extreme cases. It
is frequently sought, as against other supernatural foes, in fire. The
custom is so well known that it need not now detain us.[256.2] {257}
The Ewhe widow provides herself with a club, burns pungent powders and
takes other precautions from assault, or even approach, by the
deceased. A widower does the same. In both cases the event to be
dreaded is the attempt by the deceased to renew conjugal relations.
This danger assumes recognition by the ghost. So far from seeking to
elude it, she goes entirely naked. The lot, whether of widow or
widower, is not happy, though here, as elsewhere, the woman gets the
worst of it: she must be defended for six weeks, while seven or eight
days suffice for him.[257.1] The Charrua mourner in South America
went forth into the wilderness armed with a stick.[257.2] The Eskimo
of Bering Strait indeed wear fur hoods, but, as we have seen, they are
a direct defence against the penetrative influence of the ghost, not a
disguise. The Koryak, the Timorlaut islanders, the Ngoulango of the
Ivory Coast seek refuge in a talisman or amulet.[257.3]
The amulet preserved by the son of the deceased Timorlaut islander is
a piece of his father’s nail. According to the rules of sympathetic
magic he preserves in this way his corporal union with the deceased,
and thereby ensures his protection. The widow or widower does not take
a portion of the body, but wears a piece of the clothing. This
obviously is intended to have the same effect. The practice is not
unknown elsewhere. In Syria when a man dies his wife puts on one of
his garments and sings funeral songs.[257.4] Dr Junker relates that
he witnessed the ceremonies on the death of the ruler of Kabajendi,
who had lived almost all his life {258} among the A-sande and was
mourned according to their rites. His wives, after wailing beside the
coffin, marched through the zeriba and pretended to search in every
hole and corner, crying out to him, creeping in and out on hands and
knees under the overhanging thatch of the roofs, then gathering and
starting again on further explorations, all the while howling,
shrieking, and lamenting. The next morning those of them who could
manage to possess themselves of any article of his clothing put it on,
marching round the village thus attired in a continual procession or
dance, while others carried sword, lances, clubs, climbing plants,
maize-cobs, and so forth, their heads strewn with ashes. This
performance lasted for a fortnight, despite the tropical rain.[258.1]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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