Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religionHartland, Edwin Sidney
Religion
Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religion
Hartland, Edwin Sidney
Ethnopsychology; Magic; Religion; Rites and ceremonies
Some light on this fantastic promenade may be thrown by the
proceedings of the Bangala women. In the Boloki district, “when a man
of any position died his wives would throw off their dresses and wear
old rags (sometimes they would go absolutely naked), pick up anything
belonging to him--his chair, spear, pipe, mug, knife, shield or
blanket--anything that came first to hand; and having covered their
bodies with a coating of clay, they would parade the town in ones, or
twos, or threes, crying bitterly and calling upon him to return to
them. They would stop at times in their crying and say: ‘He is gone to
So-and-so; we will go and find him’; and away they would start off in
a business-like fashion in their pretended search for him. This
parading they would keep up for a day or two, and then women of the
town would bedeck themselves with climbing plants, vines, {259}
leaves, and bunches of twigs; and, forming themselves into a
procession, they would march through the town chanting the praises of
the deceased. Men would paint and arm themselves as for a fight, and
would imitate the daring acts of the departed as a warrior; and if he
had been remarkable for fighting on the river, they would arrange a
sham canoe-fight in his honour.… It was an amusing and interesting
sight, and seemed to be thoroughly enjoyed both by actors and
spectators alike. They called this praising or honouring the
dead.”[259.1]
It has been suggested that the wearing of a portion of the clothing of
the dead is intended to delude him into the belief that those who do
so are themselves dead, and so to turn aside his attack.[259.2] No
proof, so far as I am aware, has been offered for the suggestion.
Whatever the exact intention of the A-sande rite (and its equivalence
with the Boloki rite is obvious), it can hardly be tortured into this.
The ghost must be stupid indeed who cannot distinguish his own
clothing and personal chattels when carried about by his wives. To
wear the clothing of the deceased identifies the mourner with him,
sometimes for the purpose of protection by means of sympathetic magic,
sometimes for the presentation of the dead man in funeral ceremonies
like those of the Torres Straits islanders or the Musquakie
Indians.[259.3] Where this is not the object, to put on his coat and
to carry his mug or his spear in procession may be due, as it seems to
be here, to some vague idea of honouring him, or perhaps of inducing
him to return. The supposition that it is intended to deceive the
ghost may be safely discarded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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