Produced by Chris Curnow, Wayne Hammond and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) [Transcriber’s Note: Italic text delimited by underscores, bold text delimited by equal signs. Single underscore followed by text enclosed by braces indicates subscript. Caret followed by single character or text enclosed by braces text is superscript text.] RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING _By the Same Author_ HYDRAULICS WITH WORKING TABLES. Second Edition. 160 illustrations, xii + 311 pp., 8vo (1911). =12/-= net. PUNJAB RIVERS AND WORKS. Second Edition. 47 illustrations, viii +64 pp., folio (1912). =8/-= net. IRRIGATION WORKS (in the press). 27 illustrations, vi + 130 pp., 8vo (1913). =6/-= net. THE SUCTION CAUSED BY SHIPS. Explained in Popular Language. 2 plates, 26 pp., 8vo, sewed (1912). 1/- net. E. & F. N. SPON, LTD., LONDON RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPEN FLOWING STREAMS, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS TO BE FOLLOWED IN DEALING WITH THEM BY E. S. BELLASIS, M.INST.C.E. RECENTLY SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER IN THE IRRIGATION BRANCH OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT OF INDIA _72 ILLUSTRATIONS_ [Illustration] London E. & F. N. SPON, LTD., 57 HAYMARKET, S.W. New York SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 LIBERTY STREET 1913 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ARTICLE PAGE 1. Preliminary Remarks 1 2. Résumé of the Subject 1 3. Design and Execution of Works 3 4. The Hydraulics of Open Streams 4 CHAPTER II RAINFALL 1. Rainfall Statistics 6 2. Available Rainfall 9 3. Measurement of Rainfall 13 4. Influence of Forests and Vegetation 14 5. Heavy Falls in Short Periods 15 CHAPTER III COLLECTION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING STREAMS 1. Preliminary Remarks 18 2. Stream Gauges 19 3. Plan and Sections 21 4. Discharge Observations 21 5. Discharge Curves and Tables 23 6. Small Streams 24 7. Intermittent Streams 25 8. Remarks 26 CHAPTER IV THE SILTING AND SCOURING ACTION OF STREAMS