Robert Fulton and the SubmarineParsons, William Barclay
History
Robert Fulton and the Submarine
Parsons, William Barclay
Fulton, Robert, 1765-1815; Submarines (Ships)
Two years had passed since the execution of the contract, during which
time Fulton remained actively at work for the Government. He made an
attack on the French fleet at Boulogne by means of his bombs but without
success. He explained the cause, and probably correctly, but
nevertheless he was charged with failure. Then he repeated the
experiment with altered details in the mechanism and blew up a brig
called the “Dorothea” on October 15, 1805, in the presence of Pitt and
other officials. Success was again in sight, but only to vanish as
quickly as it appeared.
Six days after the destruction of the “Dorothea” came the great event
that made secure England’s control of the sea. On October 21st, Nelson
destroyed the combined French and Spanish fleets in the decisive battle
of Trafalgar. After that England had no need of submarines, torpedoes or
Fulton. Her ships of oak were absolutely supreme, and she saw the force
of Lord St. Vincent’s criticism.
The parallel between 1805 and 1922 is close. Then as now, and for
similar reasons, England was, and is, opposed to the use of submarines
in warfare.
Mention was made above that the “Descriptions” he left in England had
been copied. Fulton did this with nearly all his important papers, and
the copies were in manuscript, not letter press tissues. In this case
the copy is in the possession of Edward C. Cammann, Esq., a great
grandson, and bears several dates. To the main recital are added 41
pages of the same size paper, of which 12 pages contain material
entitled “London August the 16th, 1806. Notes on observations of the
Arbitrators, Particularly of Capt. Hamilton and Sir Charles Blagden in
answer to objections stated by them.” The balance are taken up by
letters to Lord Grenville dated September the 3rd, and “Further
considerations on the instantaneous and clockwork bombs.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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