English drama -- Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600; Greene, Robert, 1558-1592
But aside from any such considerations as these, there are certain
general principles having to do with the customs of literary
composition of the time, and particularly of the group in which Greene
moved, that make it quite improbable that Greene should have waited
until 1590 before beginning to write plays. Nothing is clearer than
that the movements of these pre-Shakespearean groups were not movements
of the individual but of the mass. There is in the work of this era
the utmost possible play and interplay of influence. Marlowe was the
only strikingly originative writer of the times, yet the facets of his
contact with the literary life of England and the Continent have by no
means as yet been numbered. Any new style of composition immediately
assumed the dignity of a school. Lyly's style became so popular that
Euphuism became a convention. So the appearance of the _Arcadia_,
of _Tamburlaine_, of a romance by Greene, was followed by a flood
of imitative works. Greene's _Tully's Love_ is used in _Every Woman
in Her Humour_, a comedy of humours after the model of Jonson; the
author of _Sir John Oldcastle_ borrows from _The Pinner of Wakefield_
the swallowing of the seals; Harvey accuses Nash of being "the ape
of Greene," and Greene of being the "ape of Euphues"; _Tamburlaine_
is imitated again and again, sometimes in whole, as in _Alphonsus of
Arragon, Selimus,_ and _The Battle of Alcazar_, but more often through
the unconscious influence of its affected language and dramatic types.
As much can be said of the imitation of Kyd's _Spanish Tragedy_.
Traces of the same source-book appear in Greene's _Friar Bacon and
Friar Bungay_ and Marlowe's _Dr Faustus_, and identical lines appear
in Greene's _Orlando Furioso_ and Peele's _Old Wives' Tale_. The same
comedy appears in _A Looking-Glass for London and England_, _Locrine_
and _Selimus_, and _The Taming of a Shrew_ contains lines from
_Tamburlaine_ and _Dr Faustus_. Shakespeare borrows from Greene, Oberon
for _A Midsummer Night's Dream_; features of the story of Euphues,
his Censure to _Philautus_ for _Troilus and Cressida_; features of
_Farewell to Folly_ for _Much Ado About Nothing_; characters from
the _Mourning Garment_ for Polonius and Laertes, and innumerable
reminiscent lines. Sometimes the influence is more complicate still.
Greene in _Pandosto_ borrows from Lyly's _Campaspe_, and Shakespeare,
borrowing from Greene for his _Winter's Tale_, approximates Lyly's
form; and Greene, ridiculing Marlowe's _Tamburlaine_, makes some
allusions that indicate that he as well as Marlowe must have been
acquainted with Primaudaye. Cases of this kind are so frequent that
they seem to have no individual bearing, but to refer to the general
conditions of art composition of the day. In such a system of community
of ideas Greene was entirely at home. Of this we have abundant evidence
in his often displayed ability to feel the popular pulse, and to
make himself a part of every growing movement.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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