English drama -- Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600; Greene, Robert, 1558-1592
Greene's dramas present a steady development in effectiveness of plot
involution. The first plays are marked by a large amount of action and
a great number of narrative fragments very crudely and inorganically
clustered around the central character. _Alphonsus of Arragon_ is
Greene's poorest work in this as in every other respect. Its first
act is marked by hesitation and indirection; accident, coincidence
and inconsistency are the rule throughout. The play is practically
divided into two parts, in the first of which Alphonsus is the central
figure, while Amurack serves as protagonist in the second. _Orlando
Furioso_ is structurally an improvement on its predecessor, and in _A
Looking-Glass for London and England_ an excellent unity of action has
been attained. It is in _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_ that Greene
effected the most substantial advance in play technique made before
Shakespeare. This is nothing less than the weaving of two distinct
plots into the unity of a single dramatic narrative. On account of the
crowding of the action and the sensations, the play is unbalanced and
unorganised. _Friar Bacon's_ activities are divided into two distinct
parts, his victory over Vandermast and his loss of the Brazen Head, and
they are scattered through a half-dozen episodes. For perfect balance
Prince Edward surrenders Margaret too early in the play and thus makes
necessary the introduction of further retarding action based upon an
unexplainable whim of Lacy. Yet granting the inchoate character of the
play we must admit that in effecting the combination of the story of
Friar Bacon with the story of Prince Edward, Lacy and the Fair Maid of
Fressingfield, Greene accomplished an unusually significant innovation.
In _James IV._ Greene's technique is at its best. Even in the faulty
version that comes down to us we see traces of Greene's experimenting
temper. In dumb shows he is reinstating a popular feature of older
plays. His induction serves as a model for Shakespeare's _Taming of
the Shrew_; and one of its characters, Oberon, is a rough draft for
the fairy of that name in _A Midsummer Night's Dream_, as Bohan is a
prototype of Jaques in _As You Like It_. But Greene's induction is
better integrated with his play than is Shakespeare's induction of
Sly, the Lords and the Servants, for the two characters, Slipper and
Nano, who appear first in the induction, are sent out into the play
to serve as connecting links for all of its action. _James IV._ is
the only one of Greene's plays that has unity of action. The plot is
introduced with a masterly directness and economy. The fatal situation
breaks on the reader at the beginning, and throughout the play the
crux of the action remains the love of the King of Scots for another
than his queen. Ateukin springs up at the psychological moment and at
the dramatic crisis. The first act of the play, dramatically quite the
best first act written outside of Shakespeare up to his time, provides
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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