As to the principle that the civil power should have no authority over
the consciences of men, there can be no difference of opinion. In this
respect, at least, Roger Williams was far ahead of the men with whom
he associated. On the other hand, they were sincere in their horror
of any theory that tended to divide church and state. Little did they
guess that the time would come when the two would be entirely separate
and that the honor of blazoning the way would be given to the banished
Roger Williams. Little did they dream that there would be a United
States Constitution with the clauses: “No religious test shall ever
be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under
the United States,” and “Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.”
On account of Roger Williams’ poor health, the time limit of six weeks
was extended to spring. He was a menace, and yet there was something so
lovable about him that even his enemies could not hate him very hard.
What a dreary outlook for the disgraced, disappointed man at the
beginning of the new year! He had now been in New England a little
less than five years. Instead of having gained a position as a
wonderful preacher with a brilliant future, he had lost his church and
even a place in the colony. That same church, after upholding his cause
for a brief period, had deserted him. The support of his dear ones was
harder than ever, for a new baby had come into the Williams household.
With health broken down under the strain of his trials, the husband and
father was yet forced to begin planning for a new home in some unknown
country to the west.
The day of banishment was hastened when it was discovered that Roger
Williams was holding meetings in his own house. “He did use to
entertain company,” so the ancient records run, “and to preach to
them, even of such points as he had been censured for.” The rumor also
went around that he had decided to found a settlement on the shores of
Narragansett Bay and to take along with him about twenty persons whom
he had won to his way of thinking. Immediately the authorities were
alarmed. It would never do to have such unsettled men for neighbors!
They might continue to spread their dangerous doctrines among the other
churches. Why not dispose of their mischievous leader once and for all
by shipping him back to England? It was the easiest way out of the
difficulty, for a vessel was even then lying at anchor, ready to sail.
For a last time poor Roger Williams was again summoned to the Boston
court. He answered that he was not able to attend. A captain by the
name of Underhill was then sent to Salem with a small sailing-vessel to
bring the ringleader back with him. He landed in the town and made his
way to the home of the man he sought. A patient, kindly woman appeared.
Was her husband at home? No. Where was he, then? She did not know. How
long had he been gone? Three whole days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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