Produced by Chuck Greif, University of Michigan Libraries and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net ROMAIN ROLLAND [Illustration: Romain Rolland after a drawing by Granié (1909)] ROMAIN ROLLAND THE MAN AND HIS WORK BY STEFAN ZWEIG TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT BY EDEN and CEDAR PAUL [Illustration] NEW YORK THOMAS SELTZER 1921 Copyright, 1921, by THOMAS SELTZER, INC. _All rights reserved_ PRINTED IN U. S. A. Dedication Not merely do I describe the work of a great European. Above all do I pay tribute to a personality, that of one who for me and for many others has loomed as the most impressive moral phenomenon of our age. Modelled upon his own biographies of classical figures, endeavouring to portray the greatness of an artist while never losing sight of the man or forgetting his influence upon the world of moral endeavour, conceived in this spirit, my book is likewise inspired with a sense of personal gratitude, in that, amid these days forlorn, it has been vouchsafed to me to know the miracle of so radiant an existence. IN COMMEMORATION of this uniqueness, I dedicate the book to those few who, in the hour of fiery trial, remained faithful to ROMAIN ROLLAND AND TO OUR BELOVED HOME OF EUROPE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION PART ONE: BIOGRAPHICAL I. INTRODUCTORY 1 II. EARLY CHILDHOOD 3 III. SCHOOL DAYS 8 IV. THE NORMAL SCHOOL 12 V. A MESSAGE FROM AFAR 18 VI. ROME 23 VII. THE CONSECRATION 29 VIII. YEARS OF APPRENTICESHIP 32 IX. YEARS OF STRUGGLE 37 X. A DECADE OF SECLUSION 43 XI. A PORTRAIT 45 XII. RENOWN 48 XIII. ROLLAND AS THE EMBODIMENT OF THE EUROPEAN SPIRIT 52 PART TWO: EARLY WORK AS A DRAMATIST I. THE WORK AND THE EPOCH 57 II. THE WILL TO GREATNESS 63 III. THE CREATIVE CYCLES 67 IV. THE UNKNOWN DRAMATIC CYCLE 71 V. THE TRAGEDIES OF FAITH. SAINT LOUIS, AËRT, 1895-1898 76 VI. SAINT LOUIS. 1894 80 VII. AËRT, 1898 83