III. GAULOISERIES 249 IV. A FRUSTRATE MESSAGE 252 PART SIX: THE CONSCIENCE OF EUROPE I. THE WARDEN OF THE INHERITANCE 257 II. FOREARMED 260 III. THE PLACE OF REFUGE 264 IV. THE SERVICE OF MAN 268 V. THE TRIBUNAL OF THE SPIRIT 271 VI. THE CONTROVERSY WITH GERHARDT HAUPTMANN 277 VII. THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH VERHAEREN 281 VIII. THE EUROPEAN CONSCIENCE 285 IX. THE MANIFESTOES 289 X. ABOVE THE BATTLE 293 XI. THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST HATRED 297 XII. OPPONENTS 304 XIII. FRIENDS 311 XIV. THE LETTERS 317 XV. THE COUNSELOR 320 XVI. THE SOLITARY 324 XVII. THE DIARY 327 XVIII. THE FORERUNNERS AND EMPEDOCLES 329 XIX. LILULI 335 XX. CLERAMBAULT 339 XXI. THE LAST APPEAL 348 XXII. DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE MIND 351 XXIII. ENVOY 355 BIBLIOGRAPHY 357 INDEX 371 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Romain Rolland after a drawing by Granié (1909) _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE Romain Rolland at the Normal School 12 Leo Tolstoi's Letter 20 Rolland's Transcript of Francesco Provenzale's Aria from _Lo Schiavo di sua Moglie_ 34 Rolland's Transcript of a Melody by Paul Dupin, _L'Oncle Gottfried_ 35 Romain Rolland at the Time of Writing _Beethoven_ 142 Romain Rolland at the Time of Writing _Jean Christophe_ 162 Romain Rolland at the Time of Writing _Above the Battle_ 294 Rolland's Mother 324 Original Manuscript of _The Declaration of the Independence of the Mind_ 352