[Footnote 51: Appius's argument is that, if Verginia was living in a state of slavery under Claudius, as any one might institute an action to establish her liberty, she would be entitled to her liberty until the matter was settled: but as she was now living under her father's protection, and was his property by the right of the patria potestas, and he was absent, and as other person had a right to keep or defend her, she ought to be given up to the man who claimed to be her master, pending her father's return.] [Footnote 52: Venus Cloacina (she who cleanses).--D.O.] [Footnote 53: On two sides of the forum were colonnades, between the pillars of which were tradesmen's booths known as "the Old Booths" and "the New Booths."] [Footnote 54: That is, to the infernal gods.] [Footnote 55: See Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome: Verginia."] [Footnote 56: The civilian togas.--D. O.] [Footnote 57: Appius Claudius, a member of their order.--D. O.] [Footnote 58: From the Colline gate.--D.O.] [Footnote 59: From whose decision an appeal would lie.] [Footnote 60: The church of S. Caterina de' Fernari now stands within its lines.--D.O.] [Footnote 61: Evidently this could not apply to a dictator.--D. O.] [Footnote 62: The name consul, although used by Livy (Bk. I, ch. Ix), was not really employed until after the period of the decemvirs. The title in early use was prætor: it is not definitely known when the name judex was attached to the office.] [Footnote 63: I question the rendering of this sentence. To read plebis for plebi would very much improve the sense.--D.O.] [Footnote 64: Twenty years.--D.O.] [Footnote 65: The misfortunes of the previous campaign were supposed to exert an influence on the present one.--D.O.] [Footnote 66: The cavalry at this period wore no defensive armour, and carried only an ox-hide buckler and a light lance.--D.O.] [Footnote 67: A victorious general who had entered the city could not afterward triumph.--D.O.] [Footnote 68: It was first necessary for these to be adopted into plebeian families, as none but plebeians were eligible.--D.O.] [Footnote 69: It stood about where the Arch of Gallienus now stands.--D.O.] [Footnote 70: Each legion was divided into ten cohorts.--D.O.] [Footnote 71: A not unusual method of forcing the charge, as not only military honour but religious sentiment forbade the loss of the standards.--D. O.] [Footnote 72: About twenty miles from Rome in the Alban Mountains. The village of Ariccia occupies the site of the ancient citadel.--D. O.] [Footnote 73: Quadruplatores were public informers, so called because they received a fourth part of the fine imposed: also used in a general sense of those who tried to promote their interests by underhand means.] [Footnote 74: This is one of the best of Livy's books. The story of Verginia and of the deposition and punishment of the decemvirs is unexcelled in historical narrative.--D.O.]