[5] There is an interesting discussion of the motives and policy of C. Gracchus by W. W. Fowler in his _Roman Essays and Interpretations_, Oxford, 1920, pp. 99-110. [6] A brilliant analysis of the political policies of Pompey and Caesar may be found in E. Meyer’s _Caesars Monarchie und das Principat des Pompejus_, Stuttgart, 1919. [7] On the legal basis of the principate of Augustus, see Abbott, _Roman Political Institutions_, pp. 267-273. [8] For the provinces under Augustus, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter IV. For a list of them, cf. Sandys, pp. 401 ff. [9] Five municipal charters are given in an English translation by E. G. Hardy in his _Six Roman Laws and Three Spanish Charters_, Oxford, 1911-12. [10] The famous edict of Caracalla, to which reference is made in the _Code_ of Justinian and elsewhere, may now be seen in no. 40 of the _Griechische Papyri im Museum des Oberhessischen Geschichtsverein zu Giessen_, E. Kornemann and P. M. Meyer, Leipzig, 1910. [11] For the bureaux of Hadrian and his successors, see Hirschfeld. [12] The most convenient edition of the _Code_ of Justinian is to be found in the _Corpus Iuris Civilis_, 3 vols., ed. by Mommsen and others. Berlin, 1895. [13] The Latin text of the constitution of Vespasian may be found in K. E. Bruns, _Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui_, Leipzig, 1893,^7 no. 56. [14] Cf. F. F. Abbott, on “The Referendum and the Recall Among the Ancient Romans,” in _The Sewanee Review_, XXIII. 84-94 (1915). [15] For Professor Frank’s discussion of these wars, see chapters V, VI, and XIII. Cf., also, Livy, XXI. 4. 1. [16] For the comparison of the Roman Senate and the Senate of the U. S. see the chapter on “The Story of Two Oligarchies.” [17] For a fuller discussion of representative government among the Romans under the Republic, see Frank’s _Roman Imperialism_, pp. 45, 209, 299, 301. [18] The oath of the Fascisti may be found in the _London Times_ of Jan. 2, 1923. The best literature at present on the movement is _Discorsi Politici_, Benito Mussolini (Milan; _Essercizio Tipografico del “Popolo d’Italia,”_ 1922). _Il Fascismo nella Vita Italiana_, Pietro Gorgolini. Preface by B. Mussolini (Turin; Anonima Libraria Italiana). _Fascismo Liberatore_, Cipriano Giachetti (Florence; Bemporad). [19] For the praetor’s court see Abbott, _Roman Political Institutions_, pp. 105 ff. [20] A striking illustration of the looseness of procedure in Roman courts is given by Cicero in a letter to Atticus (_ad Atticum_, I. 16. 3-6), translated by E. O. Winstedt, _Letters to Atticus_, 3 vols., New York, 1919, in _The Loeb Classical Library_. On the course of a trial in a Roman court, cf. A. H. J. Greenidge, _The Legal Procedure of Cicero’s Time_, Oxford, 1901, pp. 456-504. [21] On taxation in the provinces, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter VI. On the customs duties, see R. L. V. Cagnat, _Étude Historique sur les Impôts Indirects chez les Romains_, Paris, 1882.