Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
Beyond the establishment of the consular tribunate, the censorship and
the transference of the election of quaestors to the newly created
_comitia tributa_,[449] the years 449 to 377 are not marked by any
great constitutional changes. They were years of compromise but not
of settlement; the restlessness of the reforming party was stayed by
the constant pressure of war. It could not accuse the military policy
of the governing class, which led its armies to victory and made all
needful concessions to plebeian talent. It was the epoch of wars with the
Aequians, Volscians, and Etruscans, of the siege of Veii, in which Rome
made her first great territorial conquest, and of the Celtic migrations,
which laid Rome in ashes, but made her the bulwark of the central Italian
nations against northern invasions, and gave her strength to remodel
and reform the Latin coalition of which she was the immediate head.
Occasional discontent was at this, as at every other period, excited by
the need of land distributions and the pressure of debt. Sp. Maelius
fell in 439 and M. Manlius in 384; but the government, though it would
not have its hand forced, was not wholly unwilling to make concessions
to poverty. The citizen troops on foreign service were given pay in 406,
and the land conquered from Veii was some years later allotted amongst
the Plebs. While the discontent of the poor was thus kept in check, the
government could afford to make harmless and unavoidable concessions
to Plebeians of higher rank. In 421 the number of quaestors was raised
from two to four; for, owing to the prolonged absence of armies, it was
thought fit that a special quaestor should be assigned to each consul
in the field.[450] The tribunes demanded that a fixed proportion of
these places should be reserved for Plebeians. This was refused, but the
compromise was arrived at that any of the four places might be filled
from the Plebs, a concession which was unavoidable, for the absurdity
of admitting Plebeians to the highest rank in the state and excluding
them from this subordinate duty must have been felt. The permission did
not, however, take effect until twelve years later (409 B.C.); but then
Plebeians were returned for three out of four vacancies at the _comitia_
of the tribes.[451] The first regular elective magistracy, however
limited its powers and dignity, had now been won for the Plebeians.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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