Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
much legality and as little justification, to paralyse the life of the
state. The two tribunes, in virtue of the paramount authority which their
_sacrosanctitas_ had in the course of years secured to them, forbade the
election of any magistrate of the people. For five years successively
Licinius and Sextius were re-elected tribunes; during the whole of this
period (375-371) the only magistrates appointed were the plebeian aediles
and tribunes, and the state was without a head. A war with Velitrae led
the tribunes to relax their anarchical edict for the year 370. But the
long stand had reduced the number of vetoing tribunes to five. Another
clause was now added to the original proposals to the effect that the
two _duumviri sacris faciundis_, the keepers of the sacred books, the
storehouse which furnished political intrigue with its surest weapons,
should be raised to ten, and that half of these _decemviri_ should be
Plebeians.[457] None of the tribunes of 368 seems to have been prepared
to offer any effectual resistance to any of the provisions of the
law,[458] and the Patricians, driven from their first stronghold, took
refuge in a dictator. It was a sign that they had lost the game, for the
dictatorship could not be perpetuated. But it required the most strenuous
exertions of the leaders of the Plebs to keep their followers up to the
level of their original demands. The spiritless commons who had failed to
elect members of their own order, consular tribunes and quaestors, when
it had been in their power to do so, were for dividing the proposals,
passing the social measures at once and leaving the question of the
consulship for a future time. But Licinius and Sextius were not prepared
to be social leaders without reward. The only division to which they
subjected the complicated measure was to carry in 368 the clause sharing
the new decemvirate with the Plebeians; the other clauses were postponed.
In the next year, 367 B.C., they were tribunes for the tenth time. The
opposition was worn out, and the Licinio-Sextian laws were passed in
their original form. The greatest of plebeian victories had been won;
from this time the Plebs is really the dominant element in the state.
It was of little consequence that it did not assert its omnipotence
for some years yet; all that it desired further was bound to come. As
the magistracy was far more powerful than the people at Rome, the body
that exercised the whole of the highest prohibitive power through the
tribunate, and monopolised half of the highest positive authority in the
consulship, was bound to be supreme. Even the purely patrician privilege
of the _patrum auctoritas_ was no great disturbance to this power. It
became more a matter of form, the more the plebeian element entered into
the Senate.
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