Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
A further limitation to his original powers, and one of the greatest
consequence, was subsequently introduced. The dictator was made subject
to the _provocatio_ within the city,[869] probably by the _lex Valeria_
of 300 B.C.[870]—a change which, while not hampering the power of this
magistracy in the field, prevented its being used for ruthlessly crushing
a so-called sedition in Rome. Although we here see the commencement of
the infringement of its civil power, the military authority of the office
persisted for a century longer. It was not until the Hannibalic war that
the two weakening elements of popular election and colleagueship were
introduced into this magistracy. In the year 217 B.C., when, after the
disaster at the Trasimene lake, it was difficult to communicate with the
sole surviving consul, Q. Fabius Maximus was elected dictator,[871]
presumably at the _comitia centuriata_ under the guidance of a praetor.
In the same year the distrust and misplaced confidence of the people
raised M. Minucius, the master of the horse, to an equality of command
with Fabius.[872] Both acts were signs that the office was felt to be
an anachronism, and the next year (216) marks the last instance of the
military dictatorship.[873] The last dictator (_comitiorum habendorum
causa_) was appointed in 202;[874] for the application of the name to
Sulla and Caesar was the transference of the title of a constitutional
office, in the first instance to a constituent authority, in the
second to a monarchy, and in neither case was even the ancient mode of
nomination preserved.[875]
_The Magister Equitum_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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