Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
The quaestors also conducted sales on behalf of the treasury—not of those
large portions of the public domain which were alienated by the censors,
but of current acquisitions, such as those of slaves and booty captured
in war,[1000] and of that portion of conquered land which was brought
immediately under the hammer (_ager quaestorius_).[1001] This threefold
function of guardianship, collection, and sale gave the urban quaestors
an unequalled grasp of the state of the public revenues, and as they
were annual, while the censors—the budget-makers—were merely occasional
officials, we are not surprised to find them making financial statements
in the Senate.[1002]
(ii.) The general assistance which the quaestors were meant to render to
the consuls was extended, as we saw,[1003] in the year 421 B.C. to their
activity in the field. Each consul or praetor who assumed a military
command was given a particular quaestor (the dictator being exempted
from what was regarded as a limitation on the discretionary powers of
the magistrate), and, after the custom had grown up of extending the
_imperium_, these assistants accompanied the proconsuls and propraetors
to their provinces. The term of the quaestorship was prolonged with that
of the office with which it was associated,[1004] for the connexion
between the superior and inferior was regarded as being of almost as
personal a character as that between father and son.[1005] We shall
examine the relation more minutely when we come to deal with provincial
organisation. It is sufficient to remark here that, though the quaestors’
functions were mainly financial, they were in all other respects true
administrative delegates of the magistrates with _imperium_,[1006] and
were constantly employed on judicial and military business.
(iii.) The quaestors of Italy were probably identical with those of
the fleet (_classici_), and were a result of the organisation of Italy
which followed the war with Pyrrhus (267 B.C.). For the purposes of the
Pyrrhine war twelve quaestors were created, whose number, when they
were given permanent stations, was reduced to four.[1007] Three of
these stations can be approximately determined. One was Ostia, and the
tenure of this post was burdened with the duty of the supply of corn
to Rome.[1008] The second appears to have been the woods and forests
(_calles_) of Italy.[1009] The third was in Cispadane Gaul,[1010]
perhaps at Ravenna or Ariminum. The fourth is unknown, but was perhaps
the quaestorship at Lilybaeum in Sicily, which, after the creation of
the first Sicilian praetor in 227 B.C., would have become a provincial
post. The other three survived the Republic as spheres of Italian
administration.[1011] The functions of these quaestors were chiefly
the levying of contingents from the allies in ships and men,[1012] the
protection of the coasts, and at Ostia, as we have seen, the supply of
corn for the capital.
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