Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
A further quaestorian department is mentioned by Cicero—the _provincia
aquaria_, which was probably concerned with the water supply of the
capital. It is uncertain whether this function was attached to one of the
Italian quaestorships.[1013]
_The Censors_
We have already described the institution of the censorship in 443
B.C.,[1014] and have seen that patrician rank was originally a necessary
qualification for the post. The first mention of a plebeian censor is
in 351 B.C.[1015] One of the Publilian laws of 339 B.C. is said to have
extended to the censorship the provision of the Licinian law about the
consulship, and to have enacted that one censor must be a Plebeian;[1016]
but it is not until the year 131 B.C. that we find two plebeian
censors.[1017]
The election to this office, like that to the other higher magistracies,
took place in the _comitia centuriata_[1018] under presidency of the
consul. The election was then ratified, not, as in the case of other
magistrates, by a _lex curiata_, but by a _lex centuriata_,[1019] a form
of statutory approval which marks the censors as peculiarly the officials
concerned with the organisation of the _exercitus_.
In rank the censor occupies an anomalous position. Although lacking the
_imperium_ and the right of summoning people and Senate, he is reckoned
amongst the _majores magistratus_, he has the “highest _auspicia_,”[1020]
he sits in the curule chair, wears the purple-striped toga, and (an
honour accorded to no other magistrate) is buried in the full purple of
the king.[1021] Politically the censorship was the apex of a career.
Often held in its earlier period by ex-consuls, it became practically
confined to the consular, and its enormous powers, its lofty ethical
significance, and its comparative infrequency made it the goal of those
who had already attained the chief titular dignity of the state.
Four attributes of the office are very important in determining its
character. The first gave it the necessary authority, the others created
a healthful limitation of its powers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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