Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
Rejection took the form of affixing marks (_notae_) against names in the
register; these names were omitted in the revised list. Then took place
the _sublectio_ of new names, and here the censure was pronounced by
omitting those who had a claim to a seat in the house.[1038] The veto,
which operated in its constantly negative manner, which enabled one
censor to retain a name omitted by the other,[1039] or even perhaps to
hinder the election of a new member selected by his colleague, and the
written grounds for censure appended to the rejected name (_subscriptio
censoria_),[1040] were some guarantees against capricious exclusion.
The automatic method of recruiting the Senate introduced by Sulla
produced a modification in the censorian selection. The magistrates seem
to have lost the power of rejecting applicants, their right of exclusion
being confined to names already on the list. It is not known whether the
censors at a subsequent _lustrum_ still retained the power of reversing
an _infamia_ once pronounced; but the usual mode in which a seat was
regained by an ejected senator was to seek popular election and to enter
the Senate through a magistracy.[1041]
II. The _census_ opened with a summons to the people to meet the censors
in the Campus Martius. It was the army as exhibited in the centuriate
list that the censors wished primarily to examine, and, consequently, it
was the members of this body that they summoned to appear in person; the
_capite censi_, with their votes in the tribes and their taxable capital,
might be represented only by the _curatores tribuum_,[1042] although
the censor could summon any member of the burgess community whom he
pleased.[1043]
The financial examination at each _census_, which had as its object
the rating for the _tributum_, was based on the returns of the last
scrutiny. There was, therefore, some means of checking the declarations
now made on oath by each head of a family, and in doubtful cases external
evidence must have been taken. The returns were made in accordance with
the instructions of a general formula (_lex censui censendo_) which the
censors had published;[1044] but their general conditions must always
have been the same. First came a declaration of the size of the property,
then of its value. But the estimate of the individual owner need not be
accepted by the censors; they often attached an exaggerated estimate to
articles of luxury,[1045] or expressed their disapprobation of social or
moral offences by an arbitrary and excessive rating of the goods of the
offenders.[1046]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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