Roman Society from Nero to Marcus AureliusDill, Samuel
Philosophy
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Dill, Samuel
Rome -- Religion; Rome -- Social life and customs
We are, by a rare piece of good fortune, admitted to the interior of one
of the purely funerary colleges. In the reign of Hadrian there was at
Lanuvium a college which, by a curious fancy, combined the worship of the
pure Diana with that of the deified minion of the emperor. It was founded
in A.D. 133, three years after the tragic death of the young favourite.
And in 136, the patron of the society, who was also a magnate of the town,
caused it to be convened in the temple of Antinous. There he announced the
gift of a sum of money, the interest of which was to be spent at the
festivals of the patron deities; and he directed that the deed of
foundation should be inscribed on the inner walls of the portico of the
temple, so that newly admitted members might be informed of their rights
and their obligations. This document, discovered among the ruins of the
ancient Lanuvium in 1816, reveals many important facts in the constitution
and working of funerary colleges.(1459) It recites, as we have seen, a
part of the _senatusconsultum_, which authorised the existence of such
colleges, and after loyal wishes for the prosperity of the emperor and his
house, it prays for an honest energy in contributing to the due interment
of the dead, that by regular payments the society may prolong its
existence.
The entrance fee of the college is to be 100 sesterces (16s. 8d.),
together with a flagon of good wine. A monthly subscription of five asses
is appointed. It is evident that the members are of the humblest class,
and one clause shows that they have even a sprinkling of slaves among
them, who, with the permission of their masters, might connect themselves
with these burial clubs.(1460) The brethren could not aspire to the
erection even of a _columbarium_, still less to the possession of a common
burial-ground. They confined themselves to making a funeral grant of
HS.300 to the appointed heir of each member who had not intermitted his
payments to the common fund.(1461) Out of this sum, HS.50 are to be paid
to members present at the funeral. The member dying intestate will be
buried by the society, and no claim upon his remaining interest in it will
be recognised. The slave, whose body was retained by his master after
death, was to have a _funus imaginarium_, and probably a cenotaph. In the
case of a member dying within a radius of twenty miles from Lanuvium,
three members, on timely notice, were deputed to arrange for the funeral,
and required to render an account of the expenses so incurred. A fee of
HS.20 was granted to each. But if any fraud were discovered in their
accounts, a fine of quadruple the amount was imposed. Lastly, when a
member died beyond the prescribed limit, the person who had arranged his
funeral, on due attestation by seven Roman citizens, and security given
against any further claims, received the burial grant, with certain
deductions.(1462) In such precise and orderly fashion, with all the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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