Roman Society from Nero to Marcus AureliusDill, Samuel
Philosophy
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Dill, Samuel
Rome -- Religion; Rome -- Social life and customs
The primary object of a multitude of colleges, like that of the
worshippers of Diana and Antinous at Lanuvium, was undoubtedly, after the
reign of Nerva, the care of the memory of their members after death. In
the remarkable inscription of Lanuvium, as we have seen, the formal
permission by decree of the Senate, to meet once a month for the purpose
of a funerary contribution is recorded.(1452) It was a momentous
concession, and carried consequences which the legislator may or may not
have intended.(1453) The jurist Marcian, who gives an imperfect citation
of this part of the decree, goes on to add, that meetings for a religious
purpose were not prohibited, provided that the previous legislation
against illicit societies was observed.(1454) And the law of the Lanuvian
College shows how often such meetings might take place. It did not need
much ingenuity to multiply occasions for reunion. The anniversary of the
foundation, the birthday of founders or benefactors, the feast of the
patron deity, the birthday of the emperor, these and the like occasions
furnished legal pretexts for meetings of the society, when the members
might have a meal together, and when the conversation would not always be
confined to the funerary business of the college. At a time when,
according to juristic theory, a special permission was needed for each new
foundation, and when the authority was grudgingly accorded, the whole vast
plebeian mass of petty traders, artisans, freedmen, and slaves were at one
stroke allowed to organise their societies for burial. We may fairly
assume that, liberally interpreted, the new law was allowed to cover with
its sanction many a college of which funeral rites were not the sole, or
even the primary object. And this would be made all the easier because
many of the industrial colleges, and perhaps still more of the strictly
religious colleges, had a common burial-place, and often received bequests
for funerary purposes. This is the case, for example, with a college of
worshippers of Hercules at Interamna, and a similar college at
Reate.(1455) A young Belgian, belonging to the guild of armourers of the
20th legion, was buried by his college at Bath.(1456) One C. Valgius
Fuscus gave a burial-ground at Forum Sempronii, in Umbria, to a college of
muleteers of the Porta Gallica, for their wives or concubines, and their
posterity.(1457) There is even a burial-place, duly defined by exact
measurement, for those “who are in the habit of dining together,” a
description which, as time went on, would have applied as accurately as
any other to many of these clubs.(1458)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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