Roman Society from Nero to Marcus AureliusDill, Samuel
Philosophy
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Dill, Samuel
Rome -- Religion; Rome -- Social life and customs
Silvanus in honour of Domitian. It consisted of the rents of four estates,
with their appurtenances, which were to be spent on the birthdays of the
emperor and his wife, “for all time to come,” with the sacrifices proper
to such a holy season.(1540) Due provision is often made for the seemly
and impressive performance of a rite which was at once a religious duty
and a convivial pleasure. There is a curious letter of the time of
Antoninus Pius containing a deed of gift to the college of the _fabri_ at
Narbo, in return for their constant favours to the donor. One Sextus
Fadius presents them with the sum of 16,000 sesterces, the interest of
which is to be divided every year at the end of April for ever, at a
banquet on his birthday; the guests on this festive occasion are to be
habited in their handsomest attire.(1541)
But the fullest and minutest arrangements for these modest meals are to be
found in the document relating to the foundation of the poor college of
Diana and Antinous, to which reference has already been made. The master
of the feast was taken in regular order from the roll of the society. Each
brother had to accept this office in his turn, or pay a fine of five
shillings of our money. The regular festivals of the club were six in the
year, on the natal days of Diana and Antinous, and those of the founder
and some of his relatives. There is some obscurity in the regulations for
these common feasts, and at first sight they are a ludicrous contrast to
the pontiff’s famous banquet in the days of Julius Caesar, described by
Macrobius.(1542) M. Boissier naturally refuses to imagine that even the
poor brethren of the club of Diana and Antinous would be contented with
bread, four sardines, a bottle of good wine, with hot water and the proper
table service. The slave steward of Horace probably found much better fare
in his _popina_.(1543) Dr. Mommsen has resolved the mystery. It is
evident, from several inscriptions, that _sportulae_ were sharply
distinguished from distributions of bread and wine.(1544) The _sportula_
was a gift of richer food or dainties, which in public distributions might
be carried home; it was sometimes an equivalent in money. If those who
received the _sportula_ preferred to enjoy it at a common table, an
appointed member of the college would have the food prepared, or convert
the money into dishes for the feast. The bread and wine he might add from
his own pocket, if they were not provided by the foundation. How much for
these meals came from the club funds, and how much out of the pocket of
the _magister coenae_, is not always clearly stated. But we may be sure,
from the tone of the times, that additions to a modest _menu_ were often
made by the generosity of patrons and officers of the club.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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