Roman Society from Nero to Marcus AureliusDill, Samuel
Philosophy
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Dill, Samuel
Rome -- Religion; Rome -- Social life and customs
It would be futile and uninteresting to pursue into all its minute details
throughout the inscriptions, the system of _sportulae_ founded by so many
patrons and benefactors. Any one who wishes can temperately regale himself
for hours at these shadowy club-feasts of the second century. Perhaps the
clearest example of such distributions is the donation of Marcellina and
Aelius Zeno to the little college of Aesculapius, to which reference has
been made for another purpose.(1545) On seven different anniversaries and
festivals, sums of money, with bread and wine, were distributed to the
brethren of the college in due proportions, according to their official
dignity and social rank. Thus, in the division on the 4th of November, the
fête-day of the society, the shares in money, according to the various
grades, from the father of the college downwards, are six, four, and two.
The division of the wine, according to social rank, follows the proportion
of nine, six, and three. A slightly different scale is followed on the
birthday of the Emperor Antoninus Pius in September, and on the day for
New Year’s gifts in January. But in these benefactions the difference of
grade is always observed, the patron and the chief magistrates and
magnates of the society always receiving a larger share than the obscure
brethren at the bottom of the list. In the college of Aesculapius,
Marcellina herself, and Aelius Zeno, the two great benefactors of the
society, along with the highest of its dignitaries, are allotted three
times as much as the plebeian brother. The excellent Marcellina, who, in
the fourth century might perhaps have followed S. Jerome and Paula to
Bethlehem, was the widow of a good and tender husband, who had been
curator of the imperial picture galleries.(1546) Had she been drawn into
the ranks of that hidden society, who were beginning to lay their dead in
the winding vaults beneath the Appian Way, she would certainly have dealt
out her bounty on a different scale and on different principles. Her
bequest to the college of Aesculapius reveals how deep in the soul of a
charitable pagan woman, who was probably sprung from servile stock, lay
that aristocratic instinct of the Roman world which survived the advent of
the Divine Peasant and the preaching of the fishermen of Galilee, for far
more than four hundred years.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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