Roman Society from Nero to Marcus AureliusDill, Samuel
Philosophy
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Dill, Samuel
Rome -- Religion; Rome -- Social life and customs
Greece were carried off by the votary of Greek art; the gold and silver
images of her shrines were sent to the melting-pot.(107) Ungrateful
testators paid their due penalty after death; and delation, watching every
word or gesture, skilfully supplied the needed tale of victims for
plunder. It is all a hackneyed story. Yet it is perhaps necessary to
revive it once more to explain the suppressed terror and lingering agony
of the last days of Seneca.
The impressions of the Terror which we receive from Seneca are powerful
and almost oppressive. A thick atmosphere of gloom and foreboding seems to
stifle us as we turn his pages. But Seneca deals rather in shadowy hint
and veiled suggestion than in definite statement. For the minute picture
of that awful scene of degradation we must turn to Tacitus. He wrote in
the fresh dawn of an age of fancied freedom, when the gloom of the tyranny
seemed to have suddenly vanished like an evil dream. Yet he cannot shake
off the sense of horror and disgust which fifteen years of ignoble
compliance or silent suffering have burnt into his soul. Even under the
manly, tolerant rule of Trajan, he hardly seems to have regained his
breath.(108) He can scarcely believe that the light has come at last. His
attitude to the tyranny is essentially different from that of Seneca. The
son of the provincial from Cordova views the scene rather as the
cosmopolitan moralist, imperilled by his huge fortune and the
neighbourhood of the terrible palace. Tacitus looks at it as the Roman
Senator, steeped in all old Roman tradition, caring little for philosophy,
but caring intensely for old Roman dignity and the prestige of that great
order, which he had seen humbled and decimated.(109) The feeling of Seneca
is that of a Stoic monk, isolated in a corner of his vast palace, now
trembling before the imperial jealousy, which his wealth and celebrity may
draw down upon him, and again seeking consolation in thoughts of God and
eternity which might often seem to belong to Thomas à Kempis. The tone of
Tacitus is sometimes that of a man who should have lived in the age of the
Samnite or the Carthaginian wars, before luxury and factious ambition had
sapped the moral strength of the great aristocratic caste, while his
feelings are divided between grim anger at a cruel destiny, and scornful
regret for the weakness and the self-abandonment of a class which had been
once so great. The feelings of Seneca express themselves rather in
rhetorical self-pity. The feelings of Tacitus find vent in words which
sometimes veil a pathos too proud for effusive utterance, sometimes cut
like lancet points, and which, in their concentrated moral scorn, have
left an eternal brand of infamy on names of historic renown.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account